Non-square Equation【公式转换】

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-30 08:08:43 发布

木易唐唐

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-30 08:08:43 发布

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分类专栏：公式变换

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Non-square Equation

Time Limit:1000MS Memory Limit:262144KB 64bit IO Format:%I64d & %I64u

Description
Let's consider equation:

x2 + s(x)·x - n = 0,

where x, n are positive integers, s(x) is the function, equal to the sum of digits of number x in the decimal number system.

You are given an integer n, find the smallest positive integer root of equation x, or else determine that there are no such roots.

Input
A single line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 1018) — the equation parameter.

Please, do not use the %lld specifier to read or write 64-bit integers in С++. It is preferred to use cin, cout streams or the %I64d specifier.

Output
Print -1, if the equation doesn't have integer positive roots. Otherwise print such smallest integer x (x > 0), that the equation given in the statement holds.

Sample Input
Input
2
Output
1

Input

110
Output
10

Input

4
Output
-1

Hint

In the first test case x = 1 is the minimum root. As s(1) = 1 and 12 + 1·1 - 2 = 0.

In the second test case x = 10 is the minimum root. As s(10) = 1 + 0 = 1 and 102 + 1·10 - 110 = 0.

In the third test case the equation has no roots.

【题意】根据公式，给出n，求能满足公式的最小正整数，S(x) 为x每一位数字的和，不存在x满足公式时，输出-1。

【思路】公式转换

s(x) 函数，可以发现 s(x) 在 x 取得最大值，即 x = 999999999 时相应地取得最大值，即 81。于是，我们可以去枚举 s(x) ，计算相应的 x 能否使方程左右两边相等，这样就能大大降低复杂度。利用配方公式，可以得到x = sqrt( S(x)^2 /4 + n ) - S(x)/2。如此一来，我们只需要从 1 到 81 枚举所有 s(x)，然后找到对应的最小x，代入方程检查是否相等符合。

AC 代码：

#include<cmath>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;

int get(__int64 x) 
{
    int sum = 0;
    while(x) 
	{
        sum += x%10;
        x /= 10;
    }
    return sum;
}
int main() 
{
    __int64 n, ans = -1;
    scanf("%I64d", &n);
    for(int i=1; i<=81; ++i) 
	{
        __int64 x = sqrt(i*i/4+n) - i/2;
        int sx = get(x);
        if(x*x+sx*x-n == 0) 
		{
            ans = x;
            break;
        }
    }
    printf("%I64d\n", ans);
    return 0;
}