springboot自动配置原理
1. SpringBoot启动主程序类:
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
每次我们直接直接启动这个启动类,SpringBoot就启动成功了,并且帮我们配置了好多自动配置类。
其中最重要是 @SpringBootApplication 这个注解,我们点进去看一下。
2. SpringBootApplication注解:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
三个比较重要的注解:
- @SpringBootConfiguration : Spring Boot的配置类,标注在某个类上,表示这是一个Spring Boot的配置类
- @EnableAutoConfiguration: 开启自动配置类,SpringBoot的精华所在
- @ComponentScan包扫描
以前我们需要配置的东西,Spring Boot帮我们自动配置;@EnableAutoConfiguration告诉SpringBoot开启自动配置功能;这样自动配置才能生效;
3. EnableAutoConfiguration注解:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
两个比较重要的注解:
- @AutoConfigurationPackage:自动配置包
- @Import: 导入自动配置的组件
4. AutoConfigurationPackage注解:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {
}
static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports {
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
register(registry, new PackageImport(metadata).getPackageName());
}
它其实是注册了一个Bean的定义。
new PackageImport(metadata).getPackageName(),它其实返回了当前主程序类的 同级以及子级 的包组件。
以上图为例,DemoApplication是和demo包同级,但是demo2这个类是DemoApplication的父级,和example包同级
也就是说,DemoApplication启动加载的Bean中,并不会加载demo2,这也就是为什么,我们要把DemoApplication放在项目的最高级中
5. Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)注解:
可以从图中看出 AutoConfigurationImportSelector 继承了 DeferredImportSelector 继承了 ImportSelector
ImportSelector有一个方法为:selectImports
@Override
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return NO_IMPORTS;
}
AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader
.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(
autoConfigurationMetadata, annotationMetadata);
return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
}
protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(
AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata,
AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return EMPTY_ENTRY;
}
AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
// 从文件中读取自动配置的类
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
attributes);
configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
}
它其实是去加载 public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = “META-INF/spring.factories”;外部文件。这个外部文件,有很多自动配置的类。如下:
6. 如何自定义自己的Bean
以RedisTemplate为例:
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(RedisOperations.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisProperties.class)
@Import({ LettuceConnectionConfiguration.class, JedisConnectionConfiguration.class })
public class RedisAutoConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "redisTemplate")
public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(
RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {
RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
return template;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(
RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {
StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
return template;
}
}
我们每次在Spring中使用Redis,都会使用到RedisTemplate这个工具类,但是他默认给我们返回的这个工具类,可能不是很符合我们的要求。比如:我们想要开启事务,或者想要改变它默认的序列化。
这时候该如何去做呢?
根据前面的分析,只要我们在容器中放入一个RedisTemplate Bean即可
@Bean("redisTemplate")
public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> myRedisTemplate(
RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
// 修改序列化为Jackson
template.setDefaultSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
// 开启事务
template.setEnableTransactionSupport(true);
return template;
}
我们自己定义我们的RedisTemplate模板,修改序列化,开启事务等操作。
我们将我们自己的Bean加入到IoC容器中以后,他就会默认的覆盖掉原来的RedisTemplate,达到定制的效果(@Configuration注解修饰的类是一个配置类,类似于spring中的xml文件,如果同名的bean在同一配置文件中,会报错,在不同的配置文件中,后一个会覆盖前一个。在spring中,后放进容器中的会覆盖以前的同名bean)。
7.自定义启动类,实现自动配置
命名规范
官方命名空间
- 前缀:spring-boot-starter-
- 模式:spring-boot-starter-模块名
- 举例:spring-boot-starter-web、spring-boot-starter-jdbc
自定义命名空间
- 后缀:-spring-boot-starter
- 模式:模块-spring-boot-starter
- 举例:mybatis-spring-boot-starter
创建工程hello-spring-boot-starter
pom.xml
<dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring-boot-starter,所有starter的基本配合 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
HelloProperties
package com.gf.service;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "gf.hello")
public class HelloProperties {
private String prefix;
private String suffix;
public String getPrefix() {
return prefix;
}
public void setPrefix(String prefix) {
this.prefix = prefix;
}
public String getSuffix() {
return suffix;
}
public void setSuffix(String suffix) {
this.suffix = suffix;
}
}
HelloService
package com.gf.service;
public class HelloService {
HelloProperties helloProperties;
public HelloProperties getHelloProperties() {
return helloProperties;
}
public void setHelloProperties(HelloProperties helloProperties) {
this.helloProperties = helloProperties;
}
public String sayHello(String name ) {
return helloProperties.getPrefix()+ "-" + name + helloProperties.getSuffix();
}
}
HelloServiceAutoConfiguration
package com.gf.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)
public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration {
@Autowired
HelloProperties helloProperties;
@Bean
public HelloService helloService() {
HelloService service = new HelloService();
service.setHelloProperties( helloProperties );
return service;
}
}
spring.factories
在 resources 下创建文件夹 META-INF 并在 META-INF 下创建文件 spring.factories ,内容如下:
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
com.gf.service.HelloServiceAutoConfiguration
测试
创建项目hello-spring-boot-starter-test 依赖自定义starter
<dependency>
<groupId>com.gf</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
HelloController
package com.gf.controller;
import com.gf.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
@GetMapping("/hello/{name}")
public String hello(@PathVariable(value = "name") String name) {
return helloService.sayHello( name + " , " );
}
}
配置文件
gf.hello.prefix = hi
gf.hello.suffix = what's up man ?