awk数据处理工具用法简介

awk是一个好用的数据处理工具，awk命令简单用法介绍：
举例：data.txt:

stnumber name subject1 score1 subject2 score2 
001 liming math 77.5 English 88
002 lily math 66.5 English 66
003 rizzy math 55.5 English 99.5
004 david math 44.0 English 70
005 rouse math 98 English 100
006 nacy math 87 English 76.5
007 yumy math 92 English 72.5

显示第2，4，6列：

cat data.txt | awk -F" " 'NR>=2{print $2 "\t" $4 "\t" $6}'
liming	77.5	88
lily	66.5	66
rizzy	55.5	99.5
david	44.0	70
rouse	98	100
nacy	87	76.5
yumy	92	72.5

显示第2，4，6列，并显示行号：

awk -F" " '$4 > 60 {print $2 "\t" $4 "\t" $6 "\t lines:" NR }'
liming	77.5	88	 lines:1
lily	66.5	66	 lines:2
rouse	98	100	 lines:5
nacy	87	76.5	 lines:6
yumy	92	72.5	 lines:7

显示满足条件的行，并显示行号：

cat data.txt | awk -F" " '$6 == 100 {print $2 "\t" $4 "\t" $6 "\t lines:" NR }'
rouse	98	100	 lines:5

cat data.txt | awk -F" " '$4 > 60 {print $2 "\t" $4 "\t" $6 "\t lines:" NR }'
liming	77.5	88	 lines:1
lily	66.5	66	 lines:2
rouse	98	100	 lines:5
nacy	87	76.5	 lines:6
yumy	92	72.5	 lines:7

想要计算某几列之和，且第一行与后几行分开并格式化输出：

$ cat data.txt |  |
>awk 'NR==1{printf "%10s %10s %10s %10s %10s %10s %10s\n",$1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,"Total" }
>NR>=2{total = $4 + $6
>printf "%10s %10s %10s %10.2f %10s %10.2f %10.2f\n",$1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,total}'

结果：

  stnumber       name   subject1     score1   subject2     score2      Total
       001     liming       math      77.50    English      88.00     165.50
       002       lily       math      66.50    English      66.00     132.50
       003      rizzy       math      55.50    English      99.50     155.00
       004      david       math      44.00    English      70.00     114.00
       005      rouse       math      98.00    English     100.00     198.00
       006       nacy       math      87.00    English      76.50     163.50
       007       yumy       math      92.00    English      72.50     164.50

以上。