目录
1 请求命令的创建
2 请求缓存
3 请求合并
4 属性详解
5 Hystrix仪表盘
介绍
注: pom.xml和application.properties键“服务容错保护:Spring Cloud Hystrix”
1 请求命令的创建
1.1 未使用@HystrixCommand注解形式
Hystrix创建通过继承HystrixCommand类来实现。getFallback()方法定义降级错误返回。
public class UserCommand extends HystrixCommand<User> {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
public UserCommand() {
super(HystrixCommandGroupKey.Factory.asKey("UserCommand"));
}
@Override
protected User run() throws Exception {
System.out.println("");
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://hello-service/user/login",User.class);
}
@Override
protected User getFallback() {
System.out.println("==================================");
System.out.println(getFailedExecutionException().getMessage());
return new User("def","def");
}
}
测试:
1 同步执行:User u = new UserCommand().execute()
2 异步执行:Future<User> fWorld = new UserCommand().queue();
3 通过:Observable实现响应
Observable<User> observe = new UserCommand().observe();
Observable<User> userObservable = new UserCommand().toObservable();
1.2 使用@HystrixCommand注解
@Service("userService")
public class UserService {
/**获取logger实例*/
private final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(getClass().toString());
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
/**
*同步调用
* @return
*/
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "notFindFallback1")
public String login()
{
logger.info("调用:http://hello-service/user/login");
// ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://hello-service/user/login", String.class);
String forObject = restTemplate.getForObject("http://hello-service/user/login", String.class);
return "我是一个消费者去调用==》"+forObject;
}
/**
*异步调用
* @return
*/
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "notFindFallback")
public Future<String> loginAsync()
{
return new AsyncResult<String>() {
@Override
public String invoke() {
String forObject = restTemplate.getForObject("http://hello-service/user/login", String.class);
return "我是一个消费者去调用==》"+forObject;
}
};
}
/**
* 异常触发方法
* @return
*/
public String notFindFallback()
{
return "error";
}
/**
* 异常捕获方法,可捕获异常
* @return
*/
public String notFindFallback1(Throwable e)
{
return e.getMessage();
}
}
@HystrixCommand注解属性
1 fallbackMethod指定异常降级方法
2 observableExecutionMode = ObservableExecutionMode.EAGER表示.observe()执行方式observableExecutionMode = ObservableExecutionMode.LAYZ表示.toObservable();
3 ignoreExceptions 指定某类异常触发时,不走fallbackMethod降级方法
4 commandKey 指定命名名,groupKey指定组名,threadPoolKey指定线程。用于划分Hystrix分组,默认同组名化一个线程池组。所以需要指定线程划分。(setter设置)
注:一些情况不需要做降级处理。如写操作,批处理或者离线计算。(操作的返回一般为void)
2 请求缓存
Hystrix提供请求缓存,减轻高并发情况下服务的压力。
2.1 通过重写getCache()方法
继承HystrixCommand类,重写getCacheKey()方法。getCache()方法返回缓存key值。
清理缓存使用HystrixRequestCache.clear()。(getCacheKey()默认返回null,缓存未开启)
2.2 使用缓存注解(必须配合@HystrixCommand使用)
@CacheResult标记结果加入缓存
@CacheRemove请求缓存失效
@CacheKey标记缓存的key
2.2.1 使用@CacheResult实现缓存功能
@CacheResult(cacheKeyMethod = "getCacheKey")
@HystrixCommand(commandKey = "findUserById", groupKey = "UserService", threadPoolKey = "userServiceThreadPool")
public UserVO findById(Long id) {
ResponseEntity<UserVO> user = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://users-service/user?id={id}", UserVO.class, id);
return user.getBody();
}
public String getCacheKey(Long id) {
return String.valueOf(id);
}
2.2.2 使用@CacheResult和@CacheKey实现缓存功能
@CacheResult
@HystrixCommand(commandKey = "findUserById", groupKey = "UserService", threadPoolKey = "userServiceThreadPool")
public UserVO findById2(@CacheKey("id") Long id) {
ResponseEntity<UserVO> user = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://users-service/user?id={id}", UserVO.class, id);
return user.getBody();
}
2.2.3 使用@CacheRemove清空缓存
@CacheRemove(commandKey = "findUserById")
@HystrixCommand(commandKey = "updateUser",groupKey = "UserService",threadPoolKey = "userServiceThreadPool")
public void updateUser(@CacheKey("id")UserVO user){
restTemplate.postForObject("http://users-service/user",user,UserVO.class);
}
3 请求合并
请求合并可以减少请求数量以缓解依赖服务线程池资源,但是会产生额外开销时间。如一个请求不合并消耗10ms,请求合并延时窗为10ms(默认),那么最坏情况需要15ms才能完成请求。
以下情况可以考虑使用请求合并:
请求命令本身是高延迟的;
延迟时间窗口的并发量高时。如果并发不高,使用请求合并会造成系统瓶颈。(将单个请求合并后请求)
3.1 继承HystrixCollapser实现请求合并
继承HystrixCollapser实现请求合并,主要是在HystrixCommand之前放置了一个合并处理器。(例:略)
3.2 使用注解的形式实现请求合并
3.2.1 服务提供者
@RequestMapping("/findAll")
public List<User> findAll(String ids){
logger.info("服务host:"+port+",service_id:"+hostname+"ss:"+ss);
System.out.println("port:"+port);
User user;
ArrayList<User> list = new ArrayList();
for(int i=0;i<=2;i++){
user = new User();
user.setName("name"+i);
user.setPassword("pw"+i);
list.add(user);
}
return list;
}
3.2.2 服务消费者 public class UserService { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate;
//窗口时间100ms
@HystrixCollapser(batchMethod = "findAll", collapserProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name="timerDelayInMilliseconds", value = "100")
})
public Future<User> find(Long id) {
return null;
}
@HystrixCommand
public List<User> findAll(List<Long> ids) {
List forObject = restTemplate.getForObject("http://hello-service/user/findAll?ids={ids}", List.class, StringUtils.join(ids,","));
return forObject;
}
}
//测试方法 测试将id=1001,id=1002的单个请求方法find(),合并后请求findAll()方法
@RequestMapping("/users")
public String users() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//开启上下文TheardLocal
HystrixRequestContext context = HystrixRequestContext.initializeContext();
Future<User> demo1 = userService.find(1001L);
Future<User> demo2 = userService.find(1002L);
System.out.println(demo1.get());
System.out.println(demo2.get());
context.close();
return "";
}
4 属性详解
4.1 Command
4.2 collaspser
4.3 threadPool
5 Hystrix仪表盘
Hystrix Dashboard主要用来实时监控Hystrix的各项指标消息,帮助我们快速发现系统问题,及时采取应对措施。参考地址:https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000011478978
单体应用构建步骤如下
5.1 pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>eureka-hystrix-dashboard</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--注册中心-->
<!--<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>-->
<!--服务容错-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--仪表盘-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
5.2 application.properties
spring.application.name=hystrix_dashboard
server.port=2000
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/
#设置Hystrix隔离策略为线程池
zuul.ribbon-isolation-strategy=thread
#每个路由使用独立的线程池
zuul.thread-pool.use-separate-thread-pools=true
5.3 启动类
加@EnableHystrixDashboard注解
@SpringBootApplication
//@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
启动服务,打开浏览器输入:http://localhost:2000/hystrix,监控首页如下图
服务消费者配置如下:
1pom.xml加入
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
2启动类
@EnableCircuitBreaker
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class CustomerApplication {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean hystrixMetricsStreamServlet() {
ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet());
registration.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
return registration;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(CustomerApplication.class, args);
}
}
通过 Hystrix Dashboard 主页面的文字介绍,我们可以知道,Hystrix Dashboard 共支持三种不同的监控方式:
默认的集群监控:通过 URL:http://turbine-hostname:port/turbine.stream 开启,实现对默认集群的监控。
指定的集群监控:通过 URL:http://turbine-hostname:port/turbine.stream?cluster=[clusterName] 开启,实现对 clusterName 集群的监控。
单体应用的监控: 通过 URL:http://hystrix-app:port/hystrix.stream 开启 ,实现对具体某个服务实例的监控。(现在这里的 URL 应该为 http://hystrix-app:port/actuator/hystrix.stream,Actuator 2.x 以后 endpoints 全部在/actuator下,可以通过management.endpoints.web.base-path修改)
6 Turbine集群监控
集群应用构建步骤如下
6.1 pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-turbine</artifactId>
</dependency>
6.2 在入口类上添加@EnableTurbine注解表示开启Turbine,如下:
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableTurbine
public class TurbineApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(TurbineApplication.class, args);
}
}
6.3 application.properties配置文件中加
spring.application.name=turbine
server.port=2002
management.port=2003
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/
turbine.app-config=ribbon-consumer
turbine.cluster-name-expression="default"
turbine.combine-host-port=true
参考:
1 《Spring Cloud 微服务实战》 翟永超 电子工业出版社 2017.5
参考网站:http://blog.didispace.com/Spring-Cloud基础教程/
https://springcloud.cc