c++primer plus 清单12.1，12.2 ，12.3 .

首先，
#include
#ifndef STRNGBAD_H_
#define STRNGBAD_H_
class Stringbad
{
private:
char*str;
int len;
static int num_string;
public:Stringbad(const char *s);
Stringbad();
Stringbad(const Stringbad&);
~Stringbad();
friend std::ostream&operator<<(std::ostream&os, const Stringbad &st);
Stringbad & operator=(const Stringbad&);
};

#endif
其次

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include “vector.h”
#include
int Stringbad::num_string = 0;
Stringbad::Stringbad(const char * s)
{
len = std::strlen(s);
str = new char[len + 1];
std::strcpy(str, s);
num_string++;
std::cout << num_string << “:”"<<str
<< "“object created \n”;

}

Stringbad::Stringbad()
{
len = 4;
str = new char[4];
std::strcpy(str, “c++”);
num_string++;
std::cout << num_string << “：”" << str
<< "“default object created\n”;
}

Stringbad::Stringbad(const Stringbad &st)
{
num_string++;
len =st.len;
str = new char[len+1];
std::strcpy(str, st.str);
std::cout << num_string << “：”" << str
<< “” object created\n";

}

Stringbad::~Stringbad()
{
std::cout << “”" << str << "“object delected,”;
–num_string;
std::cout << num_string << “left\n”;
delete[]str;
}

Stringbad & Stringbad::operator=(const Stringbad &st)
{
if (this == &st)
return *this;
delete[]str;
len = st.len;
str = new char[len + 1];
std::strcpy(str, st.str);
return *this;

// TODO: 在此处插入 return 语句

}

std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Stringbad & st)
{
os << st.str;
return os;
// TODO: 在此处插入 return 语句
}
最后
#include
using std::cout;
#include"vector.h"
void callme1(Stringbad&);
void callme2(Stringbad&);
int main()
{
using std::endl;
{
Stringbad headline1(“Celery stalks at midnight”);
Stringbad headline2(“letture prey”);
Stringbad sports(“Spinash Leaves Bowl for Dollars”);
cout << “headline1:” << headline1 << endl;
cout << “headline2:” << headline2 << endl;
cout << “sports:” << sports << endl;
callme1(headline1);
cout << “headline1:” << headline1 << endl;
callme2(headline2);
cout << “headline2:” << headline2 << endl;
cout << “Initialize one object to another:” << endl;
Stringbad sailor = sports;
cout << “sailor:” << sailor << endl;
cout << “Assign one object to another :” << endl;
Stringbad knot;
knot = headline1;
cout << “knot:” << knot << endl;
cout << “Exiting the block .\n”;
}
cout << “End of main()\n”;
system(“pause”);
return 0;
}

void callme1(Stringbad&rsb)
{
cout << “String passed by reference:\n”;
cout << " “”<<rsb<<""\n";
};
void callme2(Stringbad &sb)
{
cout << “String passed by value:\n”;
cout << " “” << sb << “”\n";
};
复制构造，赋值特别重要，要改写，不然用默认的就麻烦了，出错了