所有记录都来自于:http://www.cnblogs.com/lwbqqyumidi/p/3746821.html
首先对原型模式进行一个简单概念说明:通过一个已经存在的对象,复制出更多的具有与此对象具有相同类型的新的对象。Java中的对象复制/克隆分为浅复制和深复制。
一、浅复制(类中的引用对象不会复制):
1.定义Book类和Author类:
1 class Author { 2 3 private String name; 4 private int age; 5 6 public String getName() { 7 return name; 8 } 9 10 public void setName(String name) { 11 this.name = name; 12 } 13 14 public int getAge() { 15 return age; 16 } 17 18 public void setAge(int age) { 19 this.age = age; 20 } 21 22 }
1 class Book implements Cloneable { 2 3 private String title; 4 private int pageNum; 5 private Author author; 6 7 public Book clone() { 8 Book book = null; 9 try { 10 book = (Book) super.clone(); 11 } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { 12 // TODO Auto-generated catch block 13 e.printStackTrace(); 14 } 15 return book; 16 } 17 18 public String getTitle() { 19 return title; 20 } 21 22 public void setTitle(String title) { 23 this.title = title; 24 } 25 26 public int getPageNum() { 27 return pageNum; 28 } 29 30 public void setPageNum(int pageNum) { 31 this.pageNum = pageNum; 32 } 33 34 public Author getAuthor() { 35 return author; 36 } 37 38 public void setAuthor(Author author) { 39 this.author = author; 40 } 41 42 }
2.测试:
1 package com.qqyumidi; 2 3 public class PrototypeTest { 4 5 public static void main(String[] args) { 6 Book book1 = new Book(); 7 Author author = new Author(); 8 author.setName("corn"); 9 author.setAge(100); 10 book1.setAuthor(author); 11 book1.setTitle("好记性不如烂博客"); 12 book1.setPageNum(230); 13 14 Book book2 = book1.clone(); 15 16 System.out.println(book1 == book2); // false 17 System.out.println(book1.getPageNum() == book2.getPageNum()); // true 18 System.out.println(book1.getTitle() == book2.getTitle()); // true 19 System.out.println(book1.getAuthor() == book2.getAuthor()); // true 20 21 } 22 }
由输出的结果可以验证说到的结论。由此我们发现:虽然复制出来的对象重新在堆上开辟了内存空间,但是,对象中各属性确保持相等。对于基本数据类型很好理解,但对于引用数据类型来说,则意味着此引用类型的属性所指向的对象本身是相同的, 并没有重新开辟内存空间存储。换句话说,引用类型的属性所指向的对象并没有复制。
由此,我们将其称之为浅复制。当复制后的对象的引用类型的属性所指向的对象也重新得以复制,此时,称之为深复制。
二、深复制:
Java中的深复制一般是通过对象的序列化和反序列化得以实现。序列化时,需要实现Serializable接口。
下面还是以Book为例,看下深复制的一般实现过程:
1.定义Book类和Author类(注意:不仅Book类需要实现Serializable接口,Author同样也需要实现Serializable接口!!):
1 class Author implements Serializable{ 2 3 private String name; 4 private int age; 5 6 public String getName() { 7 return name; 8 } 9 10 public void setName(String name) { 11 this.name = name; 12 } 13 14 public int getAge() { 15 return age; 16 } 17 18 public void setAge(int age) { 19 this.age = age; 20 } 21 22 }
1 class Book implements Serializable { 2 3 private String title; 4 private int pageNum; 5 private Author author; 6 7 public Book deepClone() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException{ 8 // 写入当前对象的二进制流 9 ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); 10 ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos); 11 oos.writeObject(this); 12 13 // 读出二进制流产生的新对象 14 ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray()); 15 ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis); 16 return (Book) ois.readObject(); 17 } 18 19 public String getTitle() { 20 return title; 21 } 22 23 public void setTitle(String title) { 24 this.title = title; 25 } 26 27 public int getPageNum() { 28 return pageNum; 29 } 30 31 public void setPageNum(int pageNum) { 32 this.pageNum = pageNum; 33 } 34 35 public Author getAuthor() { 36 return author; 37 } 38 39 public void setAuthor(Author author) { 40 this.author = author; 41 } 42 43 }
2.测试:
1 public class PrototypeTest { 2 3 public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException { 4 Book book1 = new Book(); 5 Author author = new Author(); 6 author.setName("corn"); 7 author.setAge(100); 8 book1.setAuthor(author); 9 book1.setTitle("好记性不如烂博客"); 10 book1.setPageNum(230); 11 12 Book book2 = book1.deepClone(); 13 14 System.out.println(book1 == book2); // false 15 System.out.println(book1.getPageNum() == book2.getPageNum()); // true 16 System.out.println(book1.getTitle() == book2.getTitle()); // false 17 System.out.println(book1.getAuthor() == book2.getAuthor()); // false 18 19 } 20 }
从输出结果中可以看出,深复制不仅在堆内存上开辟了空间以存储复制出的对象,甚至连对象中的引用类型的属性所指向的对象也得以复制,重新开辟了堆空间存储。
至此:设计模式中的创建型模式总结完毕,一共有五种创建型模式,分别为:单例模式(SingleTon)、建造者模式(Builder)、工厂方法模式(Factory Method)、抽象工厂模式(Abstract Factory)和原型模式(Prototype)。每种模式适用于不同的场景,具体应用时需注意区分。