Spring MVC基本使用

1.概述

与servlet技术相同,均属于web层开发项目,进行表现层开发

2.入门案例

使用SpringMVC技术需要先导入SpringMCV的坐标与Servlet的坐标

1.导入springmvc与servlet的坐标

<dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

2.编写usercontroller

@Controller
public class UserController {
    // 设置当前操作的访问路径
    @RequestMapping("/save")
    // 设置当前操作返回值类型
    @ResponseBody
    public String save(){
        System.out.println("user...save");
        return "{'module':'springmvc'}";
    }

}

3.编写springconfig

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.yrh.controller")
public class SpringMvcConfig {

}

4.导入springconfig

// 定义servlet容器启动的配置类,加载spring配置
public class ServletConfig extends AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer {

    // 加载springmvc容器配置
    @Override
    protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        context.register(SpringMvcConfig.class);
        return context;
    }

    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

    @Override
    protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
        return null;
    }
}

针对上述配置方式,spring提供了一种更简单的配置方式

public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends
AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
}
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
}
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
}

 3.请求与响应

4.Springmvc 拦截器

@Component
//定义拦截器类，实现HandlerInterceptor接口
//注意当前类必须受Spring容器控制
public class ProjectInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    //原始方法调用前执行的内容
    //返回值类型可以拦截控制的执行，true放行，false终止
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        String contentType = request.getHeader("Content-Type");
        HandlerMethod hm = (HandlerMethod)handler;
        System.out.println("preHandle..."+contentType);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    //原始方法调用后执行的内容
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle...");
    }

    @Override
    //原始方法调用完成后执行的内容
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion...");
    }
}

 

执行流程: 

当配置多个拦截器时吗, 会形成拦截器链