pyplot

https://matplotlib.org/api/pyplot_summary.html

在交互环境中查看帮助文档：

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      import matplotlib.pyplot 
      
      as plt
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      help(plt.plot)
     
     
    
    
  
  

以下是对帮助文档重要部分的翻译：

plot函数的一般的调用形式：

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      #单条线：
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      plot([x], y, [fmt], data=
      
      None, **kwargs)
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      #多条线一起画
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      plot([x], y, [fmt], [x2], y2, [fmt2], ..., **kwargs)
     
     
    
    
  
  

可选参数[fmt] 是一个字符串来定义图的基本属性如：颜色（color），点型（marker），线型（linestyle），

具体形式  fmt = '[color][marker][line]'

fmt接收的是每个属性的单个字母缩写，例如：

plot(x, y, 'bo-')  # 蓝色圆点实线

若属性用的是全名则不能用*fmt*参数来组合赋值，应该用关键字参数对单个属性赋值如：

plot(x,y2,color='green', marker='o', linestyle='dashed', linewidth=1, markersize=6)

plot(x,y3,color='#900302',marker='+',linestyle='-')

常见的颜色参数：**Colors**

也可以对关键字参数color赋十六进制的RGB字符串如 color='#900302'

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          =============    ===============================
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          character        color
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          =============    ===============================
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'b'``          blue 蓝
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'g'``          green 绿
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'r'``          red 红
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'c'``          cyan 蓝绿
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'m'``          magenta 洋红
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'y'``          yellow 黄
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'k'``          black 黑
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'w'``          white 白
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          =============    ===============================
     
     
    
    
  
  

 点型参数**Markers**,如：marker='+' 这个只有简写，英文描述不被识别

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      =============    ===============================
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          character        description
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          =============    ===============================
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'.'``          point marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``','``          pixel marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'o'``          circle marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'v'``          triangle_down marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'^'``          triangle_up marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'
      
      <'``          triangle_left marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'>'``          triangle_right marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'1'``          tri_down marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'2'``          tri_up marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'3'``          tri_left marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'4'``          tri_right marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'s'``          square marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'p'``          pentagon marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'*'``          star marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'h'``          hexagon1 marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'H'``          hexagon2 marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'+'``          plus marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'x'``          x marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'D'``          diamond marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'d'``          thin_diamond marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'|'``          vline marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'_'``          hline marker
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          =============    ===============================
     
     
    
    
  
  

线型参数**Line Styles**， linestyle='-'

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          =============    ===============================
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          character        description
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          =============    ===============================
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'-'``          solid line style 实线
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'--'``         dashed line style 虚线
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``'-.'``         dash-dot line style 点画线
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          ``':'``          dotted line style 点线
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
          =============    ===============================
     
     
    
    
  
  

样例1

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      import matplotlib.pyplot 
      
      as plt  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      import numpy 
      
      as np
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      '''read file 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      fin=open("para.txt")
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      a=[]
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      for i in fin:
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
        a.append(float(i.strip()))
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      a=np.array(a)
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      a=a.reshape(9,3)
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      '''
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      a=np.random.random((
      
      9,
      
      3))*
      
      2 
      
      #随机生成y
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      y1=a[
      
      0:,
      
      0]
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      y2=a[
      
      0:,
      
      1]
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      y3=a[
      
      0:,
      
      2]
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      x=np.arange(
      
      1,
      
      10)
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      ax = plt.subplot(
      
      111)
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      width=
      
      10
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      hight=
      
      3
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      ax.arrow(
      
      0,
      
      0,
      
      0,hight,width=
      
      0.01,head_width=
      
      0.1, head_length=
      
      0.3,length_includes_head=
      
      True,fc=
      
      'k',ec=
      
      'k')
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      ax.arrow(
      
      0,
      
      0,width,
      
      0,width=
      
      0.01,head_width=
      
      0.1, head_length=
      
      0.3,length_includes_head=
      
      True,fc=
      
      'k',ec=
      
      'k')
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      ax.axes.set_xlim(
      
      -0.5,width+
      
      0.2)
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      ax.axes.set_ylim(
      
      -0.5,hight+
      
      0.2)
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      ax.plot(x,y1,
      
      'bD-',data=[
      
      'lwww'])
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      ax.plot(x,y2,
      
      'r^-')
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      ax.plot(x,y3,color=
      
      '#900302',marker=
      
      '*',linestyle=
      
      '-')
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      plt.show()
     
     
    
    
  
  

样例2，

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      import matplotlib.pyplot 
      
      as plt  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      import numpy 
      
      as np  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      x = np.arange(
      
      0, 
      
      2*np.pi, 
      
      0.02)  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      y = np.sin(x)  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      y1 = np.sin(
      
      2*x)  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      y2 = np.sin(
      
      3*x)  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      ym1 = np.ma.masked_where(y1 > 
      
      0.5, y1)  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      ym2 = np.ma.masked_where(y2 < 
      
      -0.5, y2)  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      lines = plt.plot(x, y, x, ym1, x, ym2, 
      
      'o')  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      #设置线的属性
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      plt.setp(lines[
      
      0], linewidth=
      
      1)  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      plt.setp(lines[
      
      1], linewidth=
      
      2)  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      plt.setp(lines[
      
      2], linestyle=
      
      '-',marker=
      
      '^',markersize=
      
      4)  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      #线的标签
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      plt.legend((
      
      'No mask', 
      
      'Masked if > 0.5', 
      
      'Masked if < -0.5'), loc=
      
      'upper right')  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      plt.title(
      
      'Masked line demo')  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      plt.show()