STL-string

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

void test01()
{
    string s1; //调用无参构造函数
    cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;

    const char *s = "hi!";
    string s2(s);
    cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl;

    string s3(s2); //调用拷贝构造函数
    cout << "s3 = " << s3 << endl;

    string s4(3, 's');
    cout << "s4 = " << s4 << endl;
}

void test02()
{
    string s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7;
    s1 = "hello!";
    cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;

    s2 = s1;
    cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl;

    s3 = 'a';
    cout << "s3 = " << s3 << endl;

    s4.assign("HELLO!");
    cout << "s4 = " << s4 << endl;

    s5.assign("HELLO TOM!", 5);
    cout << "s5 = " << s5 << endl;

    s6.assign(s1);
    cout << "s6 = " << s6 << endl;

    s7.assign(3, 's');
    cout << "s7 = " << s7 << endl;
}

void test03()
{
    string s1("abcdefgde");

    int pos = s1.find("de");
    if (pos == -1)
    {
        cout << "未找到de" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "de的第一个位置在 " << pos << endl;
    }

    pos = s1.rfind("de");
    if (pos == -1)
    {
        cout << "未找到de" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "de的最后一个位置在 " << pos << endl;
    }
    
    s1.replace(pos, 2, "TTTTT");
    cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;
}

void test04()
{
    string s1("abcd");
    string s2("badd");

    int ret = s1.compare(s2);
    if (ret == 0)
    {
        cout << "s1 == s2" << endl;
    }
    else if (ret > 0)
    {
        cout << "s1 > s2" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "s1 < s2" << endl;
    }
}

void test05()
{
    string s1("abcdefg");
    for (int i = 0; i < s1.size(); ++i)
    {
        cout << s1[i] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;

    for (int i = s1.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i)
    {
        cout << s1.at(i) << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;

    s1[3] = 'T';
    s1.at(5) = 'T';
    cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;
}

void test06()
{
    string s1("abcdefg");
    s1.insert(0, "hello ");
    cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;

    s1.erase(0, 2);
    cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;
}

void test07()
{
    string email("tom@foxmail.com");
    int pos = email.find('@');
    if (pos != -1)
    {
        string name = email.substr(0, pos);
        string mail_company = email.substr(pos + 1, email.size() - pos + 1);
        cout << "name : " << name << ", email company : " << mail_company << endl;
    }
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    /*1. string是一个类，类内部封装了char*，管理这个字符串，是一个char*型的容器
    2. string管理char*所分配的内存，不用担心复制越界和取值越界等，由类内部进行负责
    */

    //string构造函数
    test01();

    //string赋值操作
    test02();

    //查找和替换
    test03();

    //字符串比较
    test04();

    //字符存取
    test05();

    //插入和删除
    test06();

    //子串
    test07();

    return 0;
}