python中字符串与字节之间相互转换

a = b"hello, Python!"   # bytes object
b = "hello, Python!"    # str object

字符串转字节 str --> bytes

print(str.encode(b))  # 默认 encoding="utf-8"
print(bytes(b, encoding="utf8"))
print(b.encode())      # 默认 encoding="utf-8"

字节转字符串 bytes --> str

print(bytes.decode(a))   # 默认encoding="utf-8"
print(str(a, encoding="utf-8"))
print(a.decode())       # 默认 encoding="utf-8"