javaWeb邮件发送
前言
邮件在网络中的应用场景很多,一般一些正式一点的文件都会采用邮件发送,比如你的大厂offer,再比如我们注册一个软件,经常会收到注册成功与否的邮件通知等等。本文采用javax.mail包及javax.activation包,以QQ邮箱为例,实现QQ邮箱邮件发送。
一、java实现邮件发送思路
- 创建Session对象,定义邮件发送所需的环境信息。
//通过调用该方法,获取Session对象。
//传入的Properties对象包含邮件发送的环境信息,
//如mail.host指明邮件服务器;
//mail.transport.protocol指明邮件发送协议;
//mail.smtp.auth指明邮件是否需要验证用户名和密码。
//mail.smtp.ssl.enable指明是否启用ssl加密
public static synchronized Session getDefaultInstance(Properties props, Authenticator authenticator)
//Authenticator是一个抽象类,实现内部的getPasswordAuthentication方法,指定邮件发送账户及授权码。
- 获取QQ邮箱授权码。点击qq邮箱设置按钮,在设置界面找到生成授权码的位置,如下图所示,点击【生成授权码】,生成如下图所示的字符串授权码。
- 获取Transport对象,并设置服务器主机名,邮件账号,授权码,用于发送邮件。
//获取Transport对象,并连接服务器,用于发送邮件
Transport transport = session.getTransport();//获取Transport对象
transport.connect(String host, String user, String password);//连接服务器
- 创建MimeMessage对象,用于创建邮件内容,邮件内容包括发件人账户,收件人账户,邮件主题,邮件内容。
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session);
mimeMessage.setFrom();//设置发件人
mimeMessage.setRecipients();//设置收件人
mimeMessage.setSubject();//设置主题
//public void setContent(Object o, String type);设置简单html文本邮件内容
//public void setContent(Multipart mp);设置带图片,附件的复杂邮件内容
mimeMessage.setContent();//设置邮件内容
- Transport对象发送邮件。
- 关闭Transport对象连接。
二、邮件发送代码实现
2.0 依赖包
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.mail/mail -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.activation/activation -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
<artifactId>activation</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
2.1 邮件内容只有文本
public static void main(String[] args) throws GeneralSecurityException, MessagingException {
//1 设置邮件发送相关属性
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("mail.host","stmp.qq.com");//设置为qq邮件服务器
properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");//设置邮件发送协议
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");//设置需要验证用户名和密码
//2 qq邮箱需要设置SSL加密
MailSSLSocketFactory mailSSLSocketFactory = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
mailSSLSocketFactory.setTrustAllHosts(true);
properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable","true");
properties.put("mail.stmp.ssl.socketFactory",mailSSLSocketFactory);
//3 创建session,定义整个环境所需的环境信息,如主机名,端口号,采用的邮件发送和接受协议等
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication("2354******@qq.com","amgc***********");//设置你的真实邮件账号和授权码!!
}
});
session.setDebug(true);//可以查看程序的运行状态
//4 获取transport对象,用于发送邮件
Transport transport = session.getTransport();
//5 使用邮箱的用户名和授权码链接到邮件服务器
transport.connect("smtp.qq.com","2354******@qq.com","amgc***********");//设置你的真实邮件账号和授权码!!
//6 创建邮件
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session);
mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("2354******@qq.com"));//设置发件人
mimeMessage.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,"2354******@qq.com");//设置收件人
mimeMessage.setSubject("java邮件发送");
//(只有简单文本,不带图片和附件等内容)
mimeMessage.setContent("<h1 style='color:red'>你好,java</h1>","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
//7 发送邮件
transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
//8 关闭连接
transport.close();
}
2.2 邮件内容包含图片
邮件内容包含图片,与仅仅包含文本的实现类似,只是邮件内容不是简单的字符串对象,而是由多个MimeBodyPart对象组成的MimeMultipart对象。创建带图片的邮件内容代码如下:
//【前5步与代码2.1一致】
//6 创建邮件(带有图片的邮件。一封邮件由各个MimeMultipart组成,最后由MimeMessage组合)
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session);
mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("2354******@qq.com"));//设置发件人
mimeMessage.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,"2354******@qq.com");//设置收件人
mimeMessage.setSubject("java邮件发送");
//6.1 准备图片部分
MimeBodyPart img=new MimeBodyPart();
DataHandler dataHandler = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("D:\\Code\\javaweb\\mailSend\\src\\main\\resources\\1.jpg"));
img.setDataHandler(dataHandler);
img.setContentID("img.jpg");//设置cid,用于后续引用该图片
//6.2 准备正文内容部分
MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
text.setContent("这是一封邮件正文,带图片<img src='cid:img.jpg'><br>图片介绍:......","text/html;charset=UTF-8");//通过引用cid将图片插入任意位置
//6.3 整合各个部分
MimeMultipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
multipart.addBodyPart(img);
multipart.addBodyPart(text);
mimeMessage.setContent(multipart);
mimeMessage.saveChanges();
//7 发送邮件
transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
//8 关闭连接
transport.close();
2.3 邮件内容包含图片并带附件
带附件的邮件实现思路与带图片的邮件一致,只需要用创建文件的MimeBodyPart对象,然后添加到MimeMultipart 对象,最后发送MimeMultipart 对象即可。如创建邮件内容包含图片并带附件的代码如下:
//【前5步与代码2.1一致】
//6 创建邮件
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session);
mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("2354533515@qq.com"));//设置发件人
mimeMessage.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,"2354533515@qq.com");//设置收件人
mimeMessage.setSubject("java邮件发送");
//6.1 准备图片部分
MimeBodyPart img=new MimeBodyPart();
DataHandler dataHandler = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("D:\\Code\\javaweb\\mailSend\\src\\main\\resources\\1.jpg"));
img.setDataHandler(dataHandler);
img.setContentID("img");//设置cid,用于后续引用该图片
//6.2 准备正文内容部分
MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
text.setContent("这是一封邮件正文,带图片<img src='cid:img'>","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
//6.3 准备附件内容
MimeBodyPart file1 = new MimeBodyPart();
DataHandler fileHandler = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("D:\\Code\\javaweb\\mailSend\\src\\main\\resources\\2.txt"));
file1.setDataHandler(fileHandler);
file1.setFileName("2.txt");//设置附件名称
//6.4 整合各个部分
MimeMultipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
multipart.addBodyPart(img);
multipart.addBodyPart(text);
multipart.addBodyPart(file1);
mimeMessage.setContent(multipart);
mimeMessage.saveChanges();
//7 发送邮件
transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
//8 关闭连接
transport.close();
三、基于Servlet实现邮件发送
3.0 依赖包
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.mail/mail -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.activation/activation -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
<artifactId>activation</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3.1 前端代码
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>注册</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/RegisterServlet.do" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
邮箱:<input type="text" name="email"> <br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
3.2 web.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.sun.servlet.RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/RegisterServlet.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
3.3 后台代码
- 代码组织图,如下图所示。
- User类
package com.sun.pojo;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
private String username;
private String password;
private String email;
public User(String username, String password, String email) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.email = email;
}
public User() {
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", email='" + email + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- SendMail类
package com.sun.utils;
import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;
import com.sun.pojo.User;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.util.Properties;
public class SendMail extends Thread {
//web项目注意要将需要的包放到tomcat的lib文件夹下!!!本代码涉及的mail包就需要手动拷贝到tomcat的lib目录下
private User m_user;
private String m_From="235*******@qq.com";
private String m_host="smtp.qq.com";
private String m_protocol="smtp";
private String m_authCode="amg**********";//授权码
public SendMail(User user)
{
this.m_user =user;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//1 设置邮件发送相关属性
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("mail.host",m_host);//qq邮件服务器
properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol",m_protocol);//邮件发送协议
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");//需要验证用户名和密码
//2 qq邮箱需要设置SSL加密
MailSSLSocketFactory mailSSLSocketFactory = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
mailSSLSocketFactory.setTrustAllHosts(true);
properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable","true");
properties.put("mail.stmp.ssl.socketFactory",mailSSLSocketFactory);
//3 创建session,定义整个环境所需的环境信息,如主机名,端口号,采用的邮件发送和接受协议等
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(m_From,m_authCode);
}
});
session.setDebug(true);//查看程序的运行状态
//4 获取transport对象,用于发送邮件
Transport transport = session.getTransport();
//5 使用邮箱的用户名和授权码链接到邮件服务器
transport.connect(m_host,m_From,m_authCode);
//6 创建邮件
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session);
mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress(m_From));//设置发件人
mimeMessage.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,m_user.getEmail());//设置收件人
mimeMessage.setSubject("com.sun.Mekeater 用户注册邮件通知");
//(只有简单文本,不带图片和附件等内容)
mimeMessage.setContent("<h1 style='color:red'>恭喜您,注册成功,您的用户名:"+
m_user.getUsername()+"您的密码:"+m_user.getPassword()+",请妥善保管,如有问题请联系Mekeater官网</h1>","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
//7 发送邮件
transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
//8 关闭连接
transport.close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
System.out.println(ex.toString());
System.out.println("邮件发送失败!");
}
}
}
- RegisterServlet类
package com.sun.servlet;
import com.sun.pojo.User;
import com.sun.utils.SendMail;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//接收用户请求
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String email = req.getParameter("email");
User user = new User(username, password, email);
//通过多线程实现异步操作,即不等待邮件发送完成,而是直接运行后面的内容,避免用户长时间等待!!!
SendMail sendMail = new SendMail(user);
sendMail.start();
req.setAttribute("message","注册成功!我们已经给您发送了一封邮件通知,请注意查收!如网络不稳定,可能过会儿收到。");
req.getRequestDispatcher("/info.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
super.doGet(req, resp);
}
}