C++快速入门14-string类（晕）

14. string类（晕）

#if 1
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class String{
    char *data;
    int n;
public:
	String(const char *s=0){
        if(s==0){
            data = 0; n=0; return;
        }
     	const char *p = s;
        while(*p) p++;
        n = p-s;
        data = new char[n+1];
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
            data[i] = s[i];
        data[n] = '\0';
    }
    
    char operator[](int i)const {
        if(i<0 || i>=n) throw "下标非法";
        return data[i];
    }
    
    char& operator[](int i) {
        if(i<0 || i>=n) throw "下标非法";
        return data[i];
    }
};
ostream & opeartor<<(ostream &o, String s){
    for (int i=0; i < str2.size(); i++)
        cout << s[i];
	return o;
}

int main()
{
    String str,str2("Hello World!\n");
    str2[1] = 'E';	//调用的是char& operator[](int i)
	cout << str2 << endl;
    String s3 = str2;
    cout << s3 << endl;
    s3[3] = 'L';
    cout << s3 << endl;
    cout << str2 << endl;
    }
}
#endif

默认情况下会有拷贝构造函数（硬拷贝）

#if 1
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class String{
    char *data;
    int n;
public:
    String(const String &s){   //默认生成的拷贝构造函数，这里只是写出来了
        cout << "拷贝构造函数！\n";
        data = s.data;
        n=s.n;
    }
	String(const char &s){
        cout << "拷贝构造函数！\n"; //重新定义，默认也是这样
        data = new char[s, n+1];
        n = s.n;
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
            data[i] = s.data[i];
        data[n] = '\0';
    }
    // 类结束后自动调用的一个函数，先创建的后销毁
	~String(){
        cout << "析构函数！\n"; // 析构函数
        delete[] data;
    }
    
	String(const char *s=0){
        if(s==0){
            data = 0; n=0; return;
        }
     	const char *p = s;
        while(*p) p++;
        n = p-s;
        data = new char[n+1];
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
            data[i] = s[i];
        data[n] = '\0';
    }  
    

    char operator[](int i)const {
        if(i<0 || i>=n) throw "下标非法";
        return data[i];
    }
    
    char& operator[](int i) {
        if(i<0 || i>=n) throw "下标非法";
        return data[i];
    }

};

ostream & opeartor<<(ostream &o, String s){
    for (int i=0; i < str2.size(); i++)
        cout << s[i];
	return o;
}

int main()
{
    String str,str2("Hello World!\n");
    str2[1] = 'E';	//调用的是char& operator[](int i)
	cout << str2 << endl;
    String s3 = str2;
    cout << s3 << endl;
    s3[3] = 'L';
    cout << s3 << endl;
    cout << str2 << endl;
    }
}
#endif

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