javaweb学习笔记(八)-带验证码的简单登录

最新推荐文章于 2019-12-21 21:47:15 发布

狗没拿伞

最新推荐文章于 2019-12-21 21:47:15 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34799211/article/details/71037306

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本文记录了使用JavaWeb实现带验证码的简单登录过程，详细介绍了案例的实现步骤和核心代码，旨在帮助初学者理解验证码在登录验证中的应用。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

　　跟着书上做的案例，主要流程是这样的：

　　案例代码如下:

/*
 * 用户的用户名和密码
 * 
 * */
public class User {
	private String username;
	private String password;
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
	
}

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
/*
 * 该文件是本网站的首页，如果没有登录，那提示需要登陆
 * 登录后则显示登录信息，用户名及退出按钮-LogoutServlet
 * 通过获取保存用户信息的Session对象
 * 
 * */
public class IndexServlet extends HttpServlet {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
		response.getWriter().print("这里是首页,");
		//创建或获取保存用户信息的Session对象
		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		User user = (User)session.getAttribute("user");
		if(user!=null){
			response.getWriter().print("您已经登录，欢迎你！"+user.getUsername()+"!");
			response.getWriter().print("退出");
			//创建Cookie存放Session的标识号
			Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID",session.getId());
			cookie.setMaxAge(60*30);
			cookie.setPath("/LoginDemo");
			response.addCookie(cookie);
		}else{
			response.getWriter().print("您还没有登录，请登录");
		}
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/*
 * 该文件判断用户账号密码正确性
 * 当账号密码正确时，跳转到首页IndexServlet
 * 当账号密码错误时，通过设置refresh，3秒后跳转到登录界面Login.html
 * 
 * */
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
		String username=request.getParameter("username");
		String password=request.getParameter("password");
		String checkCode=request.getParameter("check_code");
		String savedCode=(String)request.getSession().getAttribute("check_code");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		//假设正确用户为admin 密码admin。
		if(("admin").equals(username)&&("admin").equals(password)&&checkCode.equals(savedCode)){
			User user=new User();
			user.setUsername(username);
			user.setPassword(password);
			request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
			response.sendRedirect("/LoginDemo/IndexServlet");
		}else if(checkCode.equals(savedCode)){
			out.write("用户名或密码错误，登陆失败！");
			//跳转到Login.html
			out.write("3秒后跳转到登录界面");
			response.setHeader("refresh", "3;url='/LoginDemo/Login.html'");
		}else{
			out.write("验证码错误，登陆失败！");
			//跳转到Login.html
			out.write("3秒后跳转到登录界面");
			response.setHeader("refresh", "3;url='/LoginDemo/Login.html'");
		}
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

/*
 * 产生验证图片
 * */
public class CheckServlet extends HttpServlet {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	
	private static int WIDTH=60;//验证码图片宽度
	private static int HEIGHT=20;//验证码图片高度
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
		//设置浏览器不要缓存
		response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
		response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
		response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
		//创建内存图像并获得图像上下文
		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(WIDTH,HEIGHT,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
		Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
		//产生随机的认证码
		char[] rands = generateCheckCode();
		//产生图像
		drawBackground(g);
		drawRands(g,rands);
		//结束图像的绘制过程，完成图像
		g.dispose();
		//将图像输出到客户端
		ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", bos);
		byte[] buf=bos.toByteArray();
		response.setContentLength(buf.length);
		//下面的语句也可写成：bos.writeTo(sos);
		sos.write(buf);
		bos.close();
		sos.close();
		//将当前验证码存入到Session中
		session.setAttribute("check_code", new String(rands));
		//直接使用下面的代码出现问题，Session对象必须在提交响应前获得
		//request.getSession().setAttribute("check_code",new String(rands));
	}
	
	//生成一个4个字符的验证码
	private char[] generateCheckCode(){
		//定义验证码的字符表
		String chars = "0123456789abcdefghigklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
		char[] rands = new char[4];
		for(int i =0;i<4;i++){
			int rand = (int)(Math.random()*36);
			rands[i] = chars.charAt(rand);
		}
		return rands;
	}
	
	private void drawRands(Graphics g,char[] rands){
		g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
		g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.ITALIC|Font.BOLD,18));
		//在不同的高度上输出验证码的买个字符
		g.drawString(""+rands[0], 1, 17);
		g.drawString(""+rands[1], 16, 15);
		g.drawString(""+rands[2], 31, 18);
		g.drawString(""+rands[3], 46, 16);
		System.out.println(rands);
	}
	
	private void drawBackground(Graphics g){
		//画背景
		g.setColor(new Color(0xDCDCDC));
		g.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
		//随机产生120个干扰点
		for(int i =0;i<120;i++){
			int x=(int)(Math.random()*WIDTH);
			int y=(int)(Math.random()*HEIGHT);
			int red=(int)(Math.random()*255);
			int green=(int)(Math.random()*255);
			int blue=(int)(Math.random()*255);
			g.setColor(new Color(red,green,blue));
			g.drawOval(x, y, 1, 0);
		}
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/*
 * 该文件注销用户功能
 * 注销后跳转到首页
 * 
 * */
public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
		//将Session对象中的User对象移除
		request.getSession().removeAttribute("user");
		response.sendRedirect("/LoginDemo/IndexServlet");
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

　　感觉我的基础不好啊，╮(╯﹏╰）╭