Python---主机名(域名)与IP地址的信息

获取本机公网IP地址

import requests, re

text = requests.get("http://txt.go.sohu.com/ip/soip").text
ip_address = re.findall(r'\d+.\d+.\d+.\d+', text)
print "本机外网IP===>", ip_address

text = requests.get("http://pv.sohu.com/cityjson?ie=utf-8").text
ip_address = re.search('\d+.\d+.\d+.\d+', text).group(0)
print "本机外网IP===>", ip_address

# http://ip.360.cn/IPShare/info,   http://myip.com.tw/,   http://ip.xianhua.com.cn/,
# http://www.ip.cn/,      http://www.123cha.com/ip,
# http://www.ip38.com/,   http://ip.chinaz.com

将主机名转换为IP地址 

import socket

hostname = 'www.baidu.com'
addr = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
print "addr===>", addr      # 结果：addr===> 14.215.177.39

 
# 获取计算机名称
hostname=socket.gethostname()
print hostname      # 结果：DESKTOP-D6K8STR
# 获取本机内网IP
ip=socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
print(ip)           # 结果：192.168.1.38

#coding:utf-8
import socket


def URL2IP():
   for oneurl in urllist.readlines():
       url=str(oneurl.strip())[7:]
       print url
       try:
           ip =socket.gethostbyname(url)
           print ip
           iplist.writelines(str(ip)+"\n")
       except:
           print "this URL 2 IP ERROR "

try:
    urllist=open("D:\urllist.txt","r")
    iplist=open("D:\iplist.txt","w")
    URL2IP()
    urllist.close()
    iplist.close()
    print "complete !"
except:
    print "ERROR !"

获取ip信息（国家、城市等）

# 文件下载地址
# http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/GeoLite2-Country.tar.gz
# http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/GeoLite2-City.tar.gz

import geoip2.database

reader = geoip2.database.Reader('./GeoLite2-Country.mmdb')
c = reader.country('14.215.177.39')
print c.country.names                   # 结果：{u'ru': u'\u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439', u'fr': u'Chine', u'en': u'China', u'de': u'China', u'zh-CN': u'\u4e2d\u56fd', u'pt-BR': u'China', u'ja': u'\u4e2d\u56fd', u'es': u'China'}
print c.country.names.get('zh-CN')      # 结果：中国

reader = geoip2.database.Reader('GeoLite2-City.mmdb')
c = reader.city('14.215.177.39')        
print c.city.names                      # 结果：{u'ru': u'\u0428\u044d\u043d\u044c\u0447\u0436\u044d\u043d\u044c', u'fr': u'Shenzhen', u'en': u'Shenzhen', u'de': u'Shenzhen', u'zh-CN': u'\u6df1\u5733\u5e02', u'pt-BR': u'Shenzhen', u'ja': u'\u6df1\u30bb\u30f3\u5e02', u'es': u'Shenzhen'}
print c.city.names.get('zh-CN')         # 结果：深圳市

print c.country.name                    # 结果：China
print c.city.name                       # 结果：Shenzhen

print ("Subdivisions: ", c.subdivisions.most_specific.name)   # 结果：('Subdivisions: ', u'Guangdong')  
print ("Latitude: ", c.location.latitude)                     # 结果：('Latitude: ', 22.5333)
print ("Longitude: ", c.location.longitude)                   # 结果：('Longitude: ', 114.1333)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import requests

def checkip(ip):
    URL = 'http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php'
    try:
        r = requests.get(URL, params=ip, timeout=3)
    except requests.RequestException as e:
        print(e)
    else:
        json_data = r.json()
        if json_data[u'code'] == 0:
            print '所在国家： ' + json_data[u'data'][u'country'].encode('utf-8')
            print '所在地区： ' + json_data[u'data'][u'area'].encode('utf-8')
            print '所在省份： ' + json_data[u'data'][u'region'].encode('utf-8')
            print '所在城市： ' + json_data[u'data'][u'city'].encode('utf-8')
            print '所属运营商：' + json_data[u'data'][u'isp'].encode('utf-8')
        else:
            print '查询失败,请稍后再试！'
ip = {'ip': '202.102.193.68'}
checkip(ip)

Python获取全国所有的省、市、县、镇、村 

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 转载：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26656329/article/details/78182535

"""
通过国家统计局数据
获取中国所有城市列表
"""
import sys
import os
import re
# from urllib import request
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")
url = 'http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2016/'
header = {
    'Cookie': 'AD_RS_COOKIE=20080917',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) \ AppleWeb\Kit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)\ '
                  'Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36'}


class GetHttp:
    def __init__(self, url, headers=None, charset='utf8'):
        if headers is None:
            headers = {}
        self._response = ''
        try:
            print(url)
            # self._response = request.urlopen(request.Request(url=url, headers=headers))
            self._response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
        self._c = charset

    @property
    def text(self):
        try:
            # return self._response.read().decode(self._c)
            self._response.encoding = "utf-8"
            return self._response.text
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return ''


def provincetr(u, he, lists):
    # 获取全国省份和直辖市
    t = GetHttp(u, he, 'gbk').text
    if t:
        soup = BeautifulSoup(t, 'html.parser')
        for i in soup.find_all(attrs={'class': 'provincetr'}):
            for a in i.find_all('a'):
                id = re.sub("\D", "", a.get('href'))
                lists[id] = {'id': id, 'name': a.text, 'pid': '0', 'pid1': '0', 'pid2': '0', 'pid3': '0', 'pid4': '0',
                             'code': id}
                # time.sleep(1 / 10)
    return lists


def citytr(u, he, lists):
    # 获取省下级市
    l = lists.copy()
    for i in l:
        t = GetHttp(u+i+'.html', he, 'gbk').text
        if not t:
            continue
        soup = BeautifulSoup(t, 'html.parser')
        for v in soup.find_all(attrs={'class': 'citytr'}):
            id = str(v.find_all('td')[0].text)
            if id[0:4] not in lists.keys():
                lists[id[0:4]] = {'id': id[0:4], 'name': str(v.find_all('td')[1].text),
                                  'pid': '0', 'pid1': i, 'pid2': '0', 'pid3': '0', 'pid4': '0', 'code': id}
    return lists


def countytr(u, he, lists):
    # 获取市下级县
    l = lists.copy()
    a = {}
    for i in l:
        t = GetHttp(u+i[0:2]+'/'+i+'.html', he, 'gbk').text
        if not t:
            continue
        soup = BeautifulSoup(t, 'html.parser')
        for v in soup.find_all(attrs={'class': 'countytr'}):
            id = str(v.find_all('td')[0].text)
            if id[0:6] not in lists.keys():
                lists[id[0:6]] = {'id': id[0:6], 'name': str(v.find_all('td')[1].text),
                                  'pid': '0', 'pid1': l[i]['pid1'], 'pid2': i, 'pid3': '0', 'pid4': '0', 'code': id}
    return lists


def towntr(u, he, lists):
    # 县下级镇
    l = lists.copy()
    for i in l:
        t = GetHttp(u+i[0:2]+'/'+i[2:4]+'/'+i+'.html', he, 'gbk').text
        if not t:
            continue
        soup = BeautifulSoup(t, 'html.parser')
        for v in soup.find_all(attrs={'class': 'towntr'}):
            id = str(v.find_all('td')[0].text)
            if id[0:9] not in lists.keys():
                lists[id[0:9]] = {'id': id[0:9], 'name': str(v.find_all('td')[1].text), 'pid': '0',
                                  'pid1': l[i]['pid1'], 'pid2': l[i]['pid2'], 'pid3': i, 'pid4': '0', 'code': id}
    return lists


def villagetr(u, he, lists):
    # 镇下级村
    l = lists.copy()
    for i in l:
        t = GetHttp(u+i[0:2]+'/'+i[2:4]+'/'+i[4:6]+'/'+i+'.html', he, 'gbk').text
        if not t:
            continue
        soup = BeautifulSoup(t, 'html.parser')
        for v in soup.find_all(attrs={'class': 'villagetr'}):
            id = str(v.find_all('td')[0].text)
            if id[0:12] not in lists.keys():
                lists[id[0:12]] = {'id': id[0:12], 'name': str(v.find_all('td')[1].text), 'pid': '0',
                                   'pid1': l[i]['pid1'], 'pid2': l[i]['pid2'], 'pid3': l[i]['pid2'], 'pid4': i,
                                   'code': id}
    return lists
p = provincetr(u=url, he=header, lists={})
print('省')
c = citytr(u=url, he=header, lists=p)
print('市')
o = countytr(u=url, he=header, lists=c)
print('县')
t = towntr(u=url, he=header, lists=o)
print('镇')
v = villagetr(u=url, he=header, lists=t)
print('村')