Linux在Centos下通过tar解压mysql.tar.gz安装包的形式安装MySQL

1. 下载mysql的安装包

下载地址:[ https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=481117 ]

记得版本选64位,我之前在本机下载了个32位,安装出现了各种问题, 提示很多依赖包要下载,但是下载后,还是未能在安装成功,我暂时没整明白, 所以根据自己机器选择,我机器64位的!

2 建立一个普通用户及mysql用户例如xzb(必须)

1、         建立一个mysql的组
	输入命令: groupadd xzb
2、建立mysql用户，并放到mysql组
	输入命令：useradd -r -g mysql xzb
3、         给mysql用户设置密码
	输入命令：passwd xzb

其实直接useradd xzb 它默认会创建一个相同的用户组的!

注意: 需要把当前用户加入到 mysql的组中

3. 上传并解压mysql

• 1.本地上传: 我用的是 yum -y install lrzsz 这个工具包,安装后,可以直接在本地把,安装包拖拽即可, 我用的xshell.,比如上传到/opt/software
• 

此时我们用root 用户登录:当然普通用户也可以

在此之前,规定一下存储路径,便于管理, 安装包一般存放于/opt 目录下, 所以我新建2个目录, 一个用于上传的安装包software, 一个用于解压后所存放的目录modules
cd /opt
mkdir modules software

• 2 进行解压,并指定存放目录
  cd /opt/software
  tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/modules
  -C 指定解压目录
  更改一大串名字 为 mysql
  cd /opt/modules
  mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mysql

4. 配置相关的启动配置文件

1. 复制my_default.cnf到/etc/my.cnf (mysql启动时自动读取)
   如果没有该文件, 我会在最后复制一份该文件,到时候拷贝下,更改相应的一些值就可以了
   cd /opt/modules/mysql/support-files
   

2. 输入命令：cp my_default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
   需要注意的地方
   
   当然还有其他的默认参数,或者可以修改,根据自己需要来,要编辑的是/etc/my.cnf文件哦!

3. 复制mysql.server 到/etc/init.d/
   这样在后面设置自启动文件,用chkconfig 加入
   换个名字为mysql
   cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
   需要指定一下mysql目录和存放的目录

   输入命令：vi /etc/init.d/mysql
   更改：basedir=/opt/modules/mysql
   　　　 datadir=/opt/modules/mysql/data
   

4. 给目录/opt/modules/mysql更改拥有者

chown -R 用户名:组名 /opt/modules/mysql

输入命令：chown -R xzb:xzb /usr/local/mysql/

4. 初始化mysql配置信息

进入bin目录下,执行命令
./mysqld --initialize --user=xzb --basedir=/opt/modules/mysql --datadir=/opt/modules/mysql/data

user : 是你mysql所属用户
basedir : mysql安装目录
datadir : 数据存储目录

生成出一个data目录，代表数据库已经初始化成功
这里会生成一个临时密码（保存记住，后面要用到）

2. 给数据库加密

输入命令：./mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/opt/modules/mysql/data

3. 启动mysql
输入命令：./mysqld_safe --user=xzb &
&符号：把当前进程丢给后台

5.登录mysql

进入bin目录下
输入命令：./mysql -uroot -p

然后输入你的临时密码

2. 修改密码
输入命令：set password=password(‘你的密码’);

6. window远程访问Linux虚拟机的mysql

1. 首先需要关闭防火墙, 或者在/etc/sysconfig/iptables 下开放3306自己设置的端口号,然后 service iptables restart 重启服务
   2. 给用户授权
   输入命令:grant all privileges on . to root @"%" identified by ‘123456’ WITH GRANT OPTION;

2. 基于安全考虑root账户一般只能本地访问，但是在开发过程中可能需要打开root的远程访问权限。下面是基本的步骤：

    1、登录到mysql中，为root进行远程访问的授权，执行下面的命令：
    mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY "root";
    mysql> flush privileges;
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"localhost" IDENTIFIED BY "root";
    mysql> flush privileges;
   

3. 远程连接
   eg . window远程连接
   输入命令：mysql -hIP地址 -uroot -p123456

7. mysql 设置启动

• 1.使用 ps 和 kill命令 关闭mysql(刚才启动的安全服务)
• 2.设置MYSQL 服务

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
systemctl enable mysql.service

• 3.以服务方式启动/关闭/重启

启动: # service mysql start
关闭: # service mysql stop
重启: # service mysql restart

1、　　添加服务mysql

输入命令：chkconfig --add mysql
2、　　设置服务开机自启

输入命令：chkconfig mysql on

8. mysql 配置环境变量

输入命令：vi /etc/profile

此处mysql就已经配置完毕!!!, 大家可以试试

9 mysql 创建用户/授权/

mysql 创建一个用户 hail，密码 hail，指定一个数据库 haildb 给 hail

mysql -u root -p
password
use mysql;
insert into user(host,user,password) values('localhost','hail',password('hail'));
flush privileges;
create database haildb;
grant all privileges on haildb.* to hail@localhost identified by 'hail';
flush privileges;
如果想指定部分权限给用户

grant select,update on haildb.* to hail@localhost identified by 'hail';
flush privileges;
删除用户

delete from user where user='hail' and host='localhost';
flush privileges;
删除用户数据库

drop database haildb;
修改指定用户密码

update user set password=password('new_password') where user='hail' and host='localhost';
flush privileges;



1.远程登录mysql
mysql -h ip -u root -p 密码


2.创建用户
格式：grant 权限 on 数据库.* to 用户名@登录主机 identified by “密码”;
例1：增加一个test1用户，密码为123456，可以在任何主机上登录，并对所有数据库有查询，增加，修改和删除的功能。需要在mysql的root用户下进行
mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete on *.* to test1@”%” identified by “123456″；
mysql>flush privileges;
例2：增加一个test2用户，密码为123456，只能在192.168.2.12上登录，并对数据库student有查询，增加，修改和删除的功能。需要在mysql的root用户下进行
mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete on student.* to test2@192.168.2.12 identified by “123456″;
mysql>flush privileges;
例3：授权用户test3拥有数据库student的所有权限
mysql>grant all privileges on student.* to test3@localhost identified by ’123456′;
mysql>flush privileges;
3.修改用户密码
mysql>update mysql.user set password=password(’123456′) where User=’test1′ and Host=’localhost’;
mysql>flush privileges;
4.删除用户
mysql>delete from user where user=’test2′ and host=’localhost’;
mysql>flush privileges;
5.删除数据库和删除表
mysql>drop database 数据库名;
mysql>drop table 表名;
6.删除账户及权限
drop user 用户名@’%’
drop user 用户名@localhost
**************************************************************************************
grant 详细解析如下：
**************************************************************************************
MySQL 赋予用户权限命令的简单格式可概括为：
grant 权限 on 数据库对象 to 用户


一、grant 普通数据用户，查询、插入、更新、删除 数据库中所有表数据的权利。
grant select on testdb.* to common_user@’%’
grant insert on testdb.* to common_user@’%’
grant update on testdb.* to common_user@’%’
grant delete on testdb.* to common_user@’%’
或者，用一条 MySQL 命令来替代：
grant select, insert, update, delete on testdb.* to common_user@’%’


二、grant 数据库开发人员，创建表、索引、视图、存储过程、函数。。。等权限。
grant 创建、修改、删除 MySQL 数据表结构权限。
grant create on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;
grant alter on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;
grant drop on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;
grant 操作 MySQL 外键权限。
grant references on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;
grant 操作 MySQL 临时表权限。
grant create temporary tables on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;
grant 操作 MySQL 索引权限。
grant index on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;
grant 操作 MySQL 视图、查看视图源代码 权限。
grant create view on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;
grant show view on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;
grant 操作 MySQL 存储过程、函数 权限。
grant create routine on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’; — now, can show procedure status
grant alter routine on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’; — now, you can drop a procedure
grant execute on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;


三、grant 普通 DBA 管理某个 MySQL 数据库的权限。
grant all privileges on testdb to dba@’localhost’
其中，关键字 “privileges” 可以省略。


四、grant 高级 DBA 管理 MySQL 中所有数据库的权限。
grant all on *.* to dba@’localhost’


五、MySQL grant 权限，分别可以作用在多个层次上。
1. grant 作用在整个 MySQL 服务器上：
grant select on *.* to dba@localhost; — dba 可以查询 MySQL 中所有数据库中的表。
grant all on *.* to dba@localhost; — dba 可以管理 MySQL 中的所有数据库


2. grant 作用在单个数据库上：
grant select on testdb.* to dba@localhost; — dba 可以查询 testdb 中的表。

3. grant 作用在单个数据表上：
grant select, insert, update, delete on testdb.orders to dba@localhost;

4. grant 作用在表中的列上：
grant select(id, se, rank) on testdb.apache_log to dba@localhost;

5. grant 作用在存储过程、函数上：
grant execute on procedure testdb.pr_add to ‘dba’@’localhost’
grant execute on function testdb.fn_add to ‘dba’@’localhost’

六、查看 MySQL 用户权限
查看当前用户（自己）权限：
show grants;
查看其他 MySQL 用户权限：
show grants for dba@localhost;


七、撤销已经赋予给 MySQL 用户权限的权限。
revoke 跟 grant 的语法差不多，只需要把关键字 “to” 换成 “from” 即可：
grant all on *.* to dba@localhost;
revoke all on *.* from dba@localhost;


八、MySQL grant、revoke 用户权限注意事项
1. grant, revoke 用户权限后，该用户只有重新连接 MySQL 数据库，权限才能生效。
2. 如果想让授权的用户，也可以将这些权限 grant 给其他用户，需要选项 “grant option“
grant select on testdb.* to dba@localhost with grant option;
这个特性一般用不到。实际中，数据库权限最好由 DBA 来统一管理。


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1.创建用户并授权
grant语句的语法:
grant privileges (columns) on what to user identified by “password” with grant option
要使用该句型，需确定字段有：
privileges 权限指定符权限允许的操作
alter 修改表和索引
create 创建数据库和表
delete 删除表中已有的记录
drop 抛弃（删除）数据库和表
index 创建或抛弃索引
insert 向表中插入新行
reference 未用
select 检索表中的记录
update 修改现存表记录
file 读或写服务器上的文件
process 查看服务器中执行的线程信息或杀死线程
reload 重载授权表或清空日志、主机缓存或表缓存。
shutdown 关闭服务器
all 所有；
all privileges同义词
usage 特殊的“无权限”权限
以上权限分三组:

第一组:适用于数据库、表和列如:alter create delete drop index insert select update

第二组:数管理权限 它们允许用户影响服务器的操作 需严格地授权 如:file process reload shut*

第三组:权限特殊 all意味着“所有权限” uasge意味着无权限，即创建用户，但不授予权限

columns
权限运用的列(可选)并且你只能设置列特定的权限。如果命令有多于一个列，应该用逗号分开它们。

what
权限运用的级别。权限可以是全局,定数据库或特定表.

user
权限授予的用户，由一个用户名和主机名组成,许两个同名用户从不同地方连接.缺省:mysql用户password
赋予用户的口令(可选),如果你对用户没有指定identified by子句,该用户口令不变.
用identified by时，口令字符串用改用口令的字面含义,grant将为你编码口令.
注:set password使用password()函数

with grant option
用户可以授予权限通过grant语句授权给其它用户(可选)

实例讲解:
grant all on db_book.* to huaying@koowo.com identified by “yeelion”   只能在本地连接
grant all on db_book.* to huaying@vpn.koowo.com identified by “yeeliong”  允许从此域连接
grant all on db_book.* to huaying@% identified by “yeelion”   允许从任何主机连接 注:”%”字符起通配符作用，与like模式匹配的含义相同。
grant all on db_book.* to huaying@%.koowo.com identified by “yeelion”;  允许huaying从koowo.com域的任何主机连接
grant all on db_book.* to huaying@192.168.1.189 identified by “yeelion”
grant all on db_book.* to huaying@192.168.1.% identified by “yeelion”
grant all on db_book.* to huaying@192.168.1.0/17 identified by “yeelion”
允许从单IP 段IP或一子网IP登陆
注:有时 用户@IP 需用引号 如”huaying@192.168.1.0/17″

grant all on *.* to huaying@localhost identified by “yeelion” with grant option
添加超级用户huaying　可在本地登陆做任何操作.

grant reload on *.* to huaying@localhost identified by “yeelion” 只赋予reload权限
grant all on db_book to huaying@koowo.com indetified by “yeelion” 所有权限
grant select on db_book to huaying@% indetified by “yeelion” 只读权限
grant select,insert,delete,update on db_book to huaying@koowo.com indetified by “yeelion”

只有select,insert,delete,update的权限
grant select on db_book.storybook to huaying@localhost indetified by “yeelion”　只对表
grant update (name) on db_book.storybook to huaying@localhost 只对表的name列 密码不变
grant update (id,name,author) on db_book.storybook to huaying@localhost 只对表的多列
grant all on book.* to “”@koowo.com 允许koowo.com域中的所有用户使用库book
grant all on book.* to huaying@%.koowo.com indetified by “yeelion” with grant option
允许huaying对库book所有表的管理员授权.

2.撤权并删除用户
revoke的语法类似于grant语句
to用from取代,没有indetifed by和with grant option子句. 如下：

revoke privileges (columns) on what from user

user:必须匹配原来grant语句的你想撤权的用户的user部分。
privileges:不需匹配,可以用grant语句授权,然后用revoke语句只撤销部分权限。

revoke语句只删权限不删用户,撤销了所有权限后user表中用户记录保留,用户仍然可以连接服务器.

要完全删除一个用户必须用一条delete语句明确从user表中删除用户记录：
delete from user where user=”huaying”

flush privileges;　重载授权表
注：使用grant和revoke语句时，表自动重载，而你直接修改授权表时不是.

实例：
1.创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE  `fypay` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

2.为创建的数据库增加用户fypay
grant create,select,insert,update,delete,drop,alter on fypay.* to fypay@”%” identified by “testfpay”;

3.删除fypay用户
delete from user where user=”fypay”
drop user fypay@localhost

4.刷新数据库
flush privileges;

10 my_default.cnf文件信息

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems. 
# 
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays 
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with 
# other programs (such as a web server) 
# 
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of 
# locations which depend on the deployment platform. 
# You can copy this option file to one of those 
# locations. For information about these locations, see: 
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html 
# 
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. 
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program 
# with the "--help" option. 
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients 
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
#password = your_password 
port = 3306 
socket = /opt/modules/mysql/data/mysqld.sock 
# Here follows entries for some specific programs 
# The MySQL server 
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8
port = 3306 
socket = /opt/modules/mysql/data/mysqld.sock
basedir = /opt/modules/mysql 
datadir = /opt/modules/mysql/data
#最后加一句作用是使安装的mysql库不区分表大小写：
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
lower_case_table_names=1
#库
default-storage-engine=INNODB

skip-external-locking 
key_buffer_size = 16M 
max_allowed_packet = 1M 
table_open_cache = 64 
sort_buffer_size = 512K 
net_buffer_length = 8K 
read_buffer_size = 256K 
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K 
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M 
character-set-server=utf8 
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' 
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, 
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. 
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. 
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows 
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! 
# 
#skip-networking

# Replication Master Server (default) 
# binary logging is required for replication 
log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary logging format - mixed recommended 
binlog_format=mixed

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set 
# but will not function as a master if omitted 
server-id = 1

# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) 
# 
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between 
# two methods : 
# 
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - 
# the syntax is: 
# 
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, 
# MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; 
# 
# where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and 
# <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). 
# 
# Example: 
# 
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, 
# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; 
# 
# OR 
# 
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then 
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example 
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to 
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later 
# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and 
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown 
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. 
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched 
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) 
# 
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 
# (and different from the master) 
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set 
# but will not function as a slave if omitted 
#server-id = 2 
# 
# The replication master for this slave - required 
#master-host = <hostname> 
# 
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting 
# to the master - required 
#master-user = <username> 
# 
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to 
# the master - required 
#master-password = <password> 
# 
# The port the master is listening on. 
# optional - defaults to 3306 
#master-port = <port> 
# 
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended 
#log-bin=mysql-bin

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables 
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data 
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend 
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data 
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % 
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high 
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M 
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M 
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size 
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M 
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M 
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump] 
quick 
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql] 
no-auto-rehash 
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL 
#safe-updates 
default-character-set=utf8

[myisamchk] 
key_buffer_size = 20M 
sort_buffer_size = 20M 
read_buffer = 2M 
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy] 
interactive-timeout