测试面试之linux基础

参考：
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Linux 命令大全 | 菜鸟教程

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1、如何查看CPU信息？

/proc/meminfo

rita@rita-localhost:~$ cat /proc/meminfo 
MemTotal:        7071452 kB
MemFree:         4655216 kB
MemAvailable:    5373196 kB
Buffers:           74844 kB
Cached:           874236 kB
SwapCached:            0 kB
Active:          1591648 kB
Inactive:         516584 kB
Active(anon):    1160800 kB
Inactive(anon):    39156 kB
Active(file):     430848 kB
Inactive(file):   477428 kB
Unevictable:          32 kB
Mlocked:              32 kB
SwapTotal:       1555964 kB
SwapFree:        1555964 kB
Dirty:               444 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:       1159220 kB
Mapped:           399064 kB
Shmem:             40808 kB
Slab:             106308 kB
SReclaimable:      58056 kB
SUnreclaim:        48252 kB
KernelStack:       12384 kB
PageTables:        47620 kB
NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
Bounce:                0 kB
WritebackTmp:          0 kB
CommitLimit:     5091688 kB
Committed_AS:    5826664 kB
VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed:           0 kB
VmallocChunk:          0 kB
HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB
AnonHugePages:         0 kB
ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
CmaTotal:              0 kB
CmaFree:               0 kB
HugePages_Total:       0
HugePages_Free:        0
HugePages_Rsvd:        0
HugePages_Surp:        0
Hugepagesize:       2048 kB
DirectMap4k:      316036 kB
DirectMap2M:     3813376 kB
DirectMap1G:     4194304 kB

2、查看占用CPU使用率最高的进程？

ps -aux | sort -k3nr | head -1

rita@rita-localhost:~$ ps -aux | sort -k3nr | head -1
rita      1859 22.8  4.0 2165836 283696 tty2   Sl+  15:43   5:59 /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -new-window

ps命令：

• 用于报告当前系统的进程状态
• -a：显示所有终端机不执行的程序，除了阶段作业领导者以外
• -u：列出属于该用户程序的状况
• -x：显示所有程序，不以终端机来区分
• -aux：显示所有包含其他使用者的进程

sort命令：

• 排序
• -n：比较数值
• -kn：比较第n列
• -r：降序

head命令：

• 用来显示档案的开头至标准输出当中，默认使用head命令打印其相应文件的开头10行。

3、如何查看一个文件的末尾50行？

查看 /etc/profile的前10行内容应该是：# head -n 10 /etc/profile
查看/etc/profile的最后50行内容应该是：# tail -n 50 /etc/profile

rita@rita-localhost:~$ head -n 10 /etc/profile
# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shell (sh(1))
# and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh(1), ash(1), ...).

if [ "${PS1-}" ]; then
  if [ "${BASH-}" ] && [ "$BASH" != "/bin/sh" ]; then
    # The file bash.bashrc already sets the default PS1.
    # PS1='\h:\w\$ '
    if [ -f /etc/bash.bashrc ]; then
      . /etc/bash.bashrc
    fi
rita@rita-localhost:~$ tail -n 50 /etc/profile
# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shell (sh(1))
# and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh