<Work signals & systems with MATLAB>

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-18 09:36:29 发布

JaneLR

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-18 09:36:29 发布

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分类专栏： Matlab

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34919755/article/details/54744634

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Only for note when learning SIGNAL & SYSTEM with MATLAB

1_Preparation for MATLAB

Logic Operator

Logic Operator	Name	Explantion
xor(a,b)	Exclusive Or	the Exclusive Or of A & B
any(A)	%%%%	If there is at least a NON-ZERO elements in ‘A’, output is TRUE.(i.e 1)
all(A)	%%%%	If all elements in ‘A’ are NON-ZERO elements , output is TRUE.(i.e 1)

Dot Multiply & Matrix Multiply
(Dot divide & Matrix divide ,the same)
eg:

 A=[1 1 1;1 1 1];B=A;
 Dot=A.*B;
 %%Dot=[1 1 1;1 1 1]
 %% multiply the same position elements
 Mat=A*B;
 %%Matrix mutiply

Some tips( important ):

dbstop if error     %% db, stop if error exist

t=[-1:0.05:2];  u=(t>0);    
%%the definition of u(t)

%%x=sin(t)u(t),represent x1=x(t-0.5),x2=x(2t)
x=sin(t).*u;

x1tmp=[zeros(1,0.5/0.05),x];
x1=x1tmp(1:length(x));

x2=x(1:2:length(x));
t2=t(1:2:length(x));    %%New definition of t for x2

Character caculation

x=sin(2*pi*t).*heaciside(t)     %%heaviside(t)=u(t)
x1=subs(x,t,t-1);
%% use 't-1' replace 't' in x
%% so x1=x(t-1);

Ordinary MATLAB command

help general;
help elmat;
help elfun;
%%Fundamental command

2_LTI system

Solution to Differential Equation
Solution to the H(s) of $d 3 r ( t ) d t 3 + 7 d 2 r ( t ) d t 2 + 16 d r ( t ) d t + 12 r (t) = e (t)$ $\frac{d^3r(t)}{dt^3}+7\frac{d^2r(t)}{dt^2}+16\frac{dr(t)}{dt}+12r(t)=e(t)$

a=[1,7,16,12];
b=[1];
sys=tf(b,a);
sys

3_Continuous-Time system analysis

solve the differential equation’s homogeneous solution

Solve the homogeneous solution of

d 3 r ( t ) d t 3 + 7 d 2 r ( t ) d t 2 + 16 d r ( t ) d t + 12 r (t) = e (t)

$\frac{d^3r(t)}{dt^3}+7\frac{d^2r(t)}{dt^2}+16\frac{dr(t)}{dt}+12r(t)=e(t)$

p=[1 7 16 12];
a=roots(p);
a
%%Output:
%%a =
%%  -3.0000 + 0.0000i
%%  -2.0000 + 0.0000i
%%  -2.0000 - 0.0000i
%%Meaning:there is a two-fold root of the characteristic equation.It means the homogeneous solution is:
%%              rh(t)=(A1t+A2)e^-2t+A3e^-3t

solve the particular root of the diffenrential equation
$d 2 r ( t ) d t 2 + 2 d r ( t ) d t + 3 r (t) = d e ( t ) d t + e (t)$ $\frac{d^2r(t)}{dt^2}+2\frac{dr(t)}{dt}+3r(t)=\frac{de(t)}{dt}+e(t)$
solve:1- $e(t)=t^2$ ; 2- $e(t)=e^t$

a=[1,2,3];
b=[1,1];
sys=tf(b,a);
t=[0:0.01:10]';     %Control the accuracy
e1=t.^2;        %define e1(t)
r1=lsim(sys,e1,t);
e2=exp(t);      %define e2(t)
r2=lsim(sys,e2,t);

4_Fourier Transfer

Use Matrix to complete Fourier Transfer

%%3 methods for Fourier Transfer
%%Try to use matrix!!!

clc;clear;close all;
T=2;N=200;
t=[-1:T/N:1-T/N]';
f=0*t;
f(t>-1/2&t<1/2)=1;

W=16*pi;K=200;
w=[-8*pi:W/K:8*pi-W/K]';
% F=0*w;
U=exp(-j*kron(w,t.'));          %%Equal to w*t.'
%U=exp(-j*(w*j.'));
F=T/N*U*f;
V=exp(j*kron(t,w.'));           %%Equal to t*w.'
fs=W/(2*pi*K)*V*F;
% for k=1:K
%     %for n=1:N
%         F(k)=T/N*exp(-j*w(k)*t)*f';
%         %F(k)=F(k)+T/N*f(n)*exp(-j*w(k)*t(n));
%    %end
% end

% fs=0*t;
% for n=1:N
%     %for k=1:K
%     fs(n)=W/(2*pi*K)*exp(j*w*t(n))*F';
%     %fs(n)=fs(n)+W/(2*pi*K)*F(k)*exp(j*w(k)*t(n));
%    % end
% end

figure;
plot(t,f,'-k',t,fs,':k');
figure;
plot(w,F,'-k');

Fourier series of Square Signal(Example)

% Fourier series of Square Signal
clc;clear;close all;
E=1;T1=1;
omg1=2*pi/T1;
N=1000;

t=linspace(-T1/2,T1/2-T1/N,N)';
f=0*t;
f(:)=-E/2;
f(t>-T1/4&t<T1/4)=E/2;
k1=-10;
k2=10;
k=[k1:k2]';
F=1/N*exp(-j*kron(k*omg1,t.'))*f;
a0=F(11);
ak=F(12:21)+F(10:-1:1);
%fs=cos(kron(t,[0:5]*omg1))*[a0;ak(1:5)];

f1=cos(kron(t,[0:1]*omg1))*[a0;ak(1:1)];
f2=cos(kron(t,[0:2]*omg1))*[a0;ak(1:2)];
f3=cos(kron(t,[0:3]*omg1))*[a0;ak(1:3)];
f4=cos(kron(t,[0:4]*omg1))*[a0;ak(1:4)];
f5=cos(kron(t,[0:5]*omg1))*[a0;ak(1:5)];
f6=cos(kron(t,[0:6]*omg1))*[a0;ak(1:6)];
f7=cos(kron(t,[0:7]*omg1))*[a0;ak(1:7)];
f8=cos(kron(t,[0:8]*omg1))*[a0;ak(1:8)];
f9=cos(kron(t,[0:9]*omg1))*[a0;ak(1:9)];

plot(t,f,'-k',t,f1,':b',t,f2,':r');
hold on,
plot(t,f3,':g',t,f4,':m',t,f5,':c');
hold on,
plot(t,f6,':g',t,f7,':m',t,f8,':c');
hold on,
plot(t,f9,':y');

5_Laplace Transfer

Laplace

Example1:

solve the Laplace transfer & iLaplace transfer of

y = t 3

$y=t^3$

F (s) = 10 ( s + 1 ) ( s + 5 ) s ( s + 1 ) ( s + 3 )

$F(s)=\frac{10(s+1)(s+5)}{s(s+1)(s+3)}$

%%example
syms t;
F=laplace(t^3)

syms s;
f=ilaplace(10*(s+2)*(s+5)/(s*(s+1)*(s+3))

%%Result:
%%F=6/s^4
%%f=-10/3*exp(-3*t)-20*exp(-t)+100/3

The result:

F (s) = 6 s 4

$F(s)=\frac{6}{s^4}$

f = - 10 e - 3 t 3 - 20 e - t + 100 3

$f=-10\frac{e^{-3t}}{3}-20e^{-t}+\frac{100}{3}$

Example2:

use ‘residue’ to solve the ‘iLaplace transfer’
solve the iLaplace of

F (s) = s 3 + 5 s 2 + 9 s + 7 ( s + 1 ) ( s + 2 )

$F(s)=\frac{s^3+5s^2+9s+7}{(s+1)(s+2)}$

b=[1,5,9,7];
a1=[1,1];
a2=[1,2];
a=conv(a1,a2)       %%calculate the coefficient of the  
                    %%denominator
[r,p,k]=residue(b,a);

%%The result:
%%r= -1 2
%%p=-2 -1
%%k=1 2

Result:

F (s) = s + 2 - 1 s + 2 + 2 s + 1

$F(s)=s+2-\frac{1}{s+2}+\frac{2}{s+1}$
Next,the iLaplace transfer:

f (t) = δ' (t) + 2 δ (t) - e - 2 t + 2 e - t, (t > = 0)

$f(t)=δ^{'}(t)+2δ(t)-e^{-2t}+2e^{-t},(t>=0)$

zero point&pole point

%% the change of H(s) varying with the change of the pole points
t=[0:0.1:40]';
figure,id=1;
for omega=0.5:-0.25:0
    for sigma=-0.06:0.03:0.06
        p=sigma+j*omega;
        if omega~=0
            p=[p;p'];
        end
        [b,a]=zp2tf([],p,1);
        subplot(3,5,id);
        impulse(b,a,t);
        set(gca,'Ylim',[-20,20]);
        id=id+1;
    end
end