c语言(七)-- 运算符

运算符是告诉编译器执行特定数学或逻辑功能的符号。

  • 算术运算符
  • 关系运算符
  • 逻辑运算符
  • 按位运算符
  • 赋值运算符
  • 杂项运算符

算术运算符

下表显示了C语言支持的所有算术运算符。假设变量A=10,变量B=20,则-

操作符描述
+加两个操作数。A + B = 30
-从第一个减去第二个操作数。A − B = -10
*将两个操作数相乘。A * B = 200
/将分子除以除分子。B / A = 2
    %模运算符和整数除法后的余数。

                                B%A = 0

   ++增量运算符将整数值增加一。                                A ++ = 11
    --减量运算符将整数值减一。                                A-- = 9
#include <stdio.h>

main() {

   int a = 21;
   int b = 10;
   int c ;

   c = a + b;
   printf("Line 1 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
	
   c = a - b;
   printf("Line 2 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
	
   c = a * b;
   printf("Line 3 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
	
   c = a / b;
   printf("Line 4 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
	
   c = a % b;
   printf("Line 5 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
	
   c = a++; 
   printf("Line 6 - Value of c is %d\n", c );

   c = ++a; 
   printf("Line 7 - Value of c is %d\n", c ); 

   c = --a; 
   printf("Line 8 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
	
   c = a--; 
   printf("Line 9 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
}
Line 1 - Value of c is 31
Line 2 - Value of c is 11
Line 3 - Value of c is 210
Line 4 - Value of c is 2
Line 5 - Value of c is 1
Line 6 - Value of c is 21
Line 7 - Value of c is 22 
Line 8 - Value of c is 20
Line 9 - Value of c is 21

关系运算符

下表显示了C支持的所有关系运算符。假设变量A持有10,变量B持有20,则-

操作符描述
==检查两个操作数的值是否相等。如果是,则条件变为真。(A == B)为假。
!=检查两个操作数的值是否相等。如果值不相等,则条件为真。(A!= B)为真。
>检查左操作数的值是否大于右操作数的值。如果是,则条件变为真。(A> B)为假。
<检查左操作数的值是否小于右操作数的值。如果是,则条件变为真。(A <B)为真。
> =检查左操作数的值是否大于或等于右操作数的值。如果是,则条件变为真。(A> = B)为假。
<=检查左操作数的值是否小于或等于右操作数的值。如果是,则条件变为真。(A <= B)为真。
#include <stdio.h>

main() {

   int a = 21;
   int b = 10;
   int c ;
   //输出:Line 1 - a is not equal to b
   if( a == b ) {
      printf("Line 1 - a is equal to b\n" );
   } else {
      printf("Line 1 - a is not equal to b\n" );
   }
   //输出:Line 2 - a is not less than b	
   if ( a < b ) {
      printf("Line 2 - a is less than b\n" );
   } else {
      printf("Line 2 - a is not less than b\n" );
   }
   //输出:Line 3 - a is greater than b
   if ( a > b ) {
      printf("Line 3 - a is greater than b\n" );
   } else {
      printf("Line 3 - a is not greater than b\n" );
   }
   
   /* Lets change value of a and b */
   a = 5;
   b = 20;
   //输出:Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to  b	
   if ( a <= b ) {
      printf("Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to  b\n" );
   }
   //输出:Line 5 - b is either greater than  or equal to b	
   if ( b >= a ) {
      printf("Line 5 - b is either greater than  or equal to b\n" );
   }
}

逻辑运算符

下表显示了C语言支持的所有逻辑运算符。假设变量A持有1,变量B持有0,那么-

操作符描述
&&称为逻辑真运算符。如果两个操作数都不为零,则条件变为true。(A && B)为假
||称为逻辑或运算符。如果两个操作数中的任何一个都不为零,则条件变为true。(A || B)为真。
称为逻辑非运算符。它用于反转其操作数的逻辑状态。如果条件为真,则逻辑非运算符会将其设置为假。!(A && B)为真。

按位运算符

按位运算符对位进行运算并执行逐位操作。&,|和^的真值表如下-

pqp & qp | qp ^ q
00000
01011
11110
10011

下表列出了C支持的按位运算符。假设变量'A'=60(0011 1100),变量'B'=13(0000 1101),然后-

操作符描述
&两个操作数进行二进制对位&运算。(A&B)= 12,即0000 1100
|两个操作数进行二进制对位|运算(A | B)= 61,即0011 1101
^两个操作数进行二进制对位^运算。(A ^ B)= 49,即0011 0001
二进制补码运算符是一元的,具有“翻转”位的作用。(〜A)=〜(60),即 1100 0011
<<二进制左移运算符。左操作数的值向左移动右操作数指定的位数。A << 2 = 240,即1111 0000
>>二进制右移运算符。左操作数的值向右移动右操作数指定的位数。A >> 2 = 15,即0000 1111
#include <stdio.h>

main() {

   unsigned int a = 60;	/* 60 = 0011 1100 */  
   unsigned int b = 13;	/* 13 = 0000 1101 */
   int c = 0;           
   //输出:Line 1 - Value of c is 12
   c = a & b;       /* 12 = 0000 1100 */ 
   printf("Line 1 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
   //输出:Line 2 - Value of c is 61
   c = a | b;       /* 61 = 0011 1101 */
   printf("Line 2 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
  //输出:Line 3 - Value of c is 49
   c = a ^ b;       /* 49 = 0011 0001 */
   printf("Line 3 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
  //输出:Line 4 - Value of c is -61
   c = ~a;          /*-61 = 1100 0011 */
   printf("Line 4 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
  //输出:Line 5 - Value of c is 240
   c = a << 2;     /* 240 = 1111 0000 */
   printf("Line 5 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
  //输出:Line 6 - Value of c is 15
   c = a >> 2;     /* 15 = 0000 1111 */
   printf("Line 6 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
}

赋值运算符

 

操作符描述
=简单的赋值运算符。将值从右侧操作数分配给左侧操作数C = A + B将A + B的值赋给C
+ =加法赋值运算符。它将右操作数添加到左操作数,并将结果分配给左操作数。C + = A等于C = C + A
-=减法赋值运算符。它从左侧操作数中减去右侧操作数,并将结果分配给左侧操作数。C-= A等效于C = C-A
* =乘积赋值运算符。它将右操作数与左操作数相乘,并将结果分配给左操作数。C * = A等效于C = C * A
/ =除法赋值运算符。它将左操作数除以右操作数,并将结果分配给左操作数。C / = A等于C = C / A
%=模和赋值运算符。它使用两个操作数取模,然后将结果分配给左操作数。C%= A等于C = C%A
<< =左移赋值运算符。C << = 2与C = C << 2相同
>> =右移赋值运算符。C >> = 2与C = C >> 2相同
&=按位与赋值运算符。C&= 2与C = C&2相同
^ =按位异或赋值运算符。C ^ = 2与C = C ^ 2相同
| =按位或(OR)赋值运算符。C | = 2与C = C |相同 2

杂项运算符↦sizeof和三目运算符

操作符描述
sizeof()返回变量的大小。sizeof(a),其中a为整数,将返回4。
&返回变量的地址。&a; 返回变量的实际地址。
*指向变量的指针。*a;
?:条件表达式。如果条件为真?然后取值X:否则取值Y

 

#include <stdio.h>

main() {

   int a = 4;
   short b;
   double c;
   int* ptr;

   /* example of sizeof operator */
   printf("Line 1 - Size of variable a = %d\n", sizeof(a) );
   printf("Line 2 - Size of variable b = %d\n", sizeof(b) );
   printf("Line 3 - Size of variable c= %d\n", sizeof(c) );

   /* example of & and * operators */
   ptr = &a;	/* 'ptr' now contains the address of 'a'*/
   printf("value of a is  %d\n", a);
   printf("*ptr is %d.\n", *ptr);

   /* example of ternary operator */
   a = 10;
   b = (a == 1) ? 20: 30;
   printf( "Value of b is %d\n", b );

   b = (a == 10) ? 20: 30;
   printf( "Value of b is %d\n", b );
}
//输出:
Line 1 - Size of variable a = 4
Line 2 - Size of variable b = 2
Line 3 - Size of variable c= 8
value of a is  4
*ptr is 4.
Value of b is 30
Value of b is 20
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