SSM整合Shiro框架时自定义Realm中（@Autowired、@Resource）注入service失败问题

        在SSM框架中整合Shiro时，在自定义的Realm类中通过@Autowired、@Resource注解注入service时，有的人会碰到如下错误：

public class MyRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {

	@Autowired
	UserService userService;
	
	// 授权
	@Override
	protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
		...
		return null;
	}

	// 认证
	@Override
	protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken)
			throws AuthenticationException {
		...
	}

}

        这说明IOC容器中不存在UserService这个类的对象，导致初始化MyRealm时注入UserService失败。这是什么原因？
        有以下两点说明：

1. spring初始化时bean注入容器的顺序是Listener、filter、servlet
2. 自定义realm的认证阶段属于filter
   那出现上述错误有可能是把service层包的扫描放到了springMVC的配置文件中。

spring-servlet.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
	
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.lr.shiro.controller"></context:component-scan>
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.lr.shiro.service"></context:component-scan>
	
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<mvc:annotation-driven />
	<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

</beans>

        这样将导致初始化MyRealm时UserService并未注入到IOC容器中，因为MyRealm是在初始化Filter阶段，而service在初始化servlet阶段。
        所以，将service层包扫描配置到spring的配置文件，SpringMVC只负责controller层。
applicationContext.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">

	<context:component-scan base-package="com.lr.shiro.service"></context:component-scan>

	<bean id="shiroFilter" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean">
		<!--...-->
	</bean>
</beans>

spring-servlet.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
	
	<!--springmvc 只负责扫描controller-->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.lr.shiro.controller"></context:component-scan>

	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<mvc:annotation-driven />
	<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

</beans>

这样即可正常启动。