一、 IDEA环境搭建
1、新建maven项目
2、添加必要的包和配置文件
二、基于非注解的相关配置
1、配置pom.xml导入依赖包
只导入了必须的依赖包:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>GYL</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>SpringMVC Maven Webapp</name>
<properties>
<springVersion>3.1.1.RELEASE</springVersion>
<jstlVersion>1.2</jstlVersion>
<taglibVersion>1.1.2</taglibVersion>
<servletVersion>3.0-alpha-1</servletVersion>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- spring-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${springVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${springVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${springVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${springVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring web + spring MVC-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${springVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${springVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jsp页面使用的jstl支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>${jstlVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>${taglibVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servletVersion}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>SpringMVC</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>6</source>
<target>6</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2、在web.xml中配置前端控制器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
3、在spring-mvc.xml文件中配置“处理器映射器”、“处理器适配器”、“处理器”、“视图解析器”
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--配置处理器映射器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<!--配置处理器适配器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<!--配置处理器-->
<bean name="/test" class="Controller.TestController"/>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"/>
</beans>
4、测试
测试处理器代码:
package Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class TestController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.setViewName("WEB-INF/test.jsp");
return modelAndView;
}
}
测试jsp代码:
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello SpringMVC!</h2>
</body>
</html>
配置tomcat后运行项目,界面为:
修改url地址后:
解析:
“处理器映射器”:org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping
表示“处理器适配器”根据url去寻找name属性匹配的处理器,例如处理器配置的name="/test"
,对应的url为:http://localhost:8080/test
处理器映射器还可以使用:org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping
对应的处理器适配器也要做相应的配置,完整的配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--配置处理器映射器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/test2">testController</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--配置处理器适配器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<!--配置处理器-->
<bean id="testController" class="Controller.TestController"/>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"/>
</beans>
启动后效果如下:
“处理器适配器”也有另一种:org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter
不同的“处理器适配器”必须对应相应的“处理器”,即“处理器”的类必须实现相应的接口。org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter
要求编写的“处理器”实现 Controller接口org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter
要求编写的“处理器”实现 HttpRequestHandler接口。
当把“处理器适配器”更换成:org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter
对应的“处理器”要实现相应接口:
package Controller;
import org.springframework.web.HttpRequestHandler;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TestController implements HttpRequestHandler {
@Override
public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
httpServletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("WEB-INF/test.jsp").forward(httpServletRequest,httpServletResponse);
}
}
小结:
- “处理器映射器”表示出用哪一种方式使url和“处理器”相匹配,所以“处理器映射器”和“处理器”的配置要同步修改。
- “处理器适配器”的配置表示哪一种类是“处理器”,所以“处理器适配器”的配置要和“处理器”的实现类同步修改。
三、基于注解的相关配置
1、配置spring-mvc.xml文件(更换“处理器映射器”和“处理器适配器”)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--配置处理器映射器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/>
<!--配置处理器适配器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--配置处理器-->
<bean name="/test" class="Controller.TestController"/>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"/>
</beans>
2、对应的“处理器”实例修改
package Controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping("/test3")
public ModelAndView testHandle() throws Exception {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.setViewName("WEB-INF/test.jsp");
return modelAndView;
}
}
3、运行结果
解析:
@Controller注解该类为处理器, @RequestMapping("/test3")注解使url和方法相对应。
使用<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
配置可以省略“处理器映射器”和“处理器适配器”的配置。但是我在运行时报错:
后来发现是配置文件有点问题:
把别的项目配置文件的这部分拷过来就好了:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd">
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--配置处理器-->
<bean name="/test" class="Controller.TestController"/>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"/>
</beans>
配置一个“组件扫描”<context:component-scan base-package="Controller"></context:component-scan>
连“处理器”的配置都省了:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--配置组件扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="Controller"></context:component-scan>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"/>
</beans>
小结:
注解的“处理器映射器”和“处理器适配器”必须相对应,注解的配置和非注解的配置不能混用。