C++多线程学习

C++多线程-生产者和消费者

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<thread>
#include<mutex>
#include<queue>
#include<condition_variable>

using namespace std;

//缓冲区存储的数据类型 
struct CacheData
{
	//商品id 
	int id;
	//商品属性 
	string data;
};

queue<CacheData> Q;
//缓冲区最大空间 
const int MAX_CACHEDATA_LENGTH = 10;
//互斥量，生产者之间，消费者之间，生产者和消费者之间，同时都只能一个线程访问缓冲区 
mutex m;

//同步线程
condition_variable condConsumer;//生产者调用condConsumer.notify_one()消费者开始启动，不在堵塞
condition_variable condProducer;//消费者调用condProducer.notify_one()生产者开始启动，不在堵塞

//全局商品id 
int ID = 1;

//消费者动作 
void ConsumerActor()
{
	unique_lock<mutex> lockerConsumer(m);
	cout << "[" << this_thread::get_id() << "] 获取了锁" << endl;
	while (Q.empty())
	{
		cout << "因为队列为空，所以消费者Sleep" << endl;
		cout << "[" << this_thread::get_id() << "] 不再持有锁" << endl;
		//队列空， 消费者停止，等待生产者唤醒 
		condConsumer.wait(lockerConsumer);
		cout << "[" << this_thread::get_id() << "] Weak, 重新获取了锁" << endl;
	}
	cout << "[" << this_thread::get_id() << "] ";
	CacheData temp = Q.front();
	cout << "- ID:" << temp.id << " Data:" << temp.data << endl;
	Q.pop();
	condProducer.notify_one();//通知生产者队列不为满了，可以生产了
	cout << "[" << this_thread::get_id() << "] 释放了锁" << endl;
}

//生产者动作 
void ProducerActor()
{
	unique_lock<mutex> lockerProducer(m);
	cout << "[" << this_thread::get_id() << "] 获取了锁" << endl;
	while (Q.size() > MAX_CACHEDATA_LENGTH)
	{
		cout << "因为队列为满，所以生产者Sleep" << endl;
		cout << "[" << this_thread::get_id() << "] 不再持有锁" << endl;
		//对列慢，生产者停止，等待消费者唤醒 
		condProducer.wait(lockerProducer);
		cout << "[" << this_thread::get_id() << "] Weak, 重新获取了锁" << endl;
	}
	cout << "[" << this_thread::get_id() << "] ";
	CacheData temp;
	temp.id = ID++;
	temp.data = "*****";
	cout << "+ ID:" << temp.id << " Data:" << temp.data << endl;
	Q.push(temp);
	condConsumer.notify_one();//通知消费者队列不为空了，可以消费了
	cout << "[" << this_thread::get_id() << "] 释放了锁" << endl;
}

//消费者 
void ConsumerTask()
{
	while (1)
	{
		ConsumerActor();
	}
}

//生产者 
void ProducerTask()
{
	while (1)
	{
		ProducerActor();
	}
}

//管理线程的函数 
void Dispatch(int ConsumerNum, int ProducerNum)
{
	vector<thread> thsC;
	for (int i = 0; i < ConsumerNum; ++i)
	{
		thsC.push_back(thread(ConsumerTask));
	}

	vector<thread> thsP;
	for (int j = 0; j < ProducerNum; ++j)
	{
		thsP.push_back(thread(ProducerTask));
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < ConsumerNum; ++i)
	{
		if (thsC[i].joinable())
		{
			thsC[i].join();
		}
	}

	for (int j = 0; j < ProducerNum; ++j)
	{
		if (thsP[j].joinable())
		{
			thsP[j].join();
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	//一个消费者线程，5个生产者线程，则生产者经常要等待消费者 
	Dispatch(1, 5);


	getchar();
	return 0;
}

原文参考链接