RedisJson-中文全文检索

RedisJson-中文全文检索

RedisJson

  • 最近网上比较火的RedisJson,相信大家都不陌生,还有一篇性能贴,说是RedisJson 横空出世,性能碾压ES和Mongo!,当然这些几百倍的提升可能比较客观,我比较关心的是RedisJson的json支持情况,全文检索功能,以及支持的中文分词

安装

1、官网有30天免费试用,内存有30M,创建一个实例即可,可用于测试

  • 可使用redis-cli进行连接测试
[root@server bin]# ./redis-cli -h redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com -p 17137 -a 123456
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137> 

2、可以自己安装reJson模块

下载路径:https://redis.com/redis-enterprise-software/download-center/modules/

安装:https://oss.redis.com/redisjson/#building-and-loading-the-module

[root@server bin]# ./redis-server --loadmodule /opt/thunisoft/redis/redisjson/rejson.so 
82538:C 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.585 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
82538:C 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.585 # Redis version=6.2.6, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=82538, just started
82538:C 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.585 # Configuration loaded
82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.587 * monotonic clock: POSIX clock_gettime
                _._                                                  
           _.-``__ ''-._                                             
      _.-``    `.  `_.  ''-._           Redis 6.2.6 (00000000/0) 64 bit
  .-`` .-```.  ```\/    _.,_ ''-._                                  
 (    '      ,       .-`  | `,    )     Running in standalone mode
 |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'|     Port: 6379
 |    `-._   `._    /     _.-'    |     PID: 82538
  `-._    `-._  `-./  _.-'    _.-'                                   
 |`-._`-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'_.-'|                                  
 |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |           https://redis.io       
  `-._    `-._`-.__.-'_.-'    _.-'                                   
 |`-._`-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'_.-'|                                  
 |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |                                  
  `-._    `-._`-.__.-'_.-'    _.-'                                   
      `-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'                                       
          `-._        _.-'                                           
              `-.__.-'                                               

82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.589 # Server initialized
82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.589 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.591 * <ReJSON> version: 20006 git sha: db3329c branch: HEAD
82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.591 * <ReJSON> Exported RedisJSON_V1 API
82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.591 * <ReJSON> Enabled diskless replication
82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.591 * <ReJSON> Created new data type 'ReJSON-RL'
82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.591 * Module 'ReJSON' loaded from /opt/thunisoft/redis/redisjson/rejson.so
82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.602 * Loading RDB produced by version 6.2.6
82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.602 * RDB age 98297 seconds
82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.603 * RDB memory usage when created 0.77 Mb
82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.603 # Done loading RDB, keys loaded: 2, keys expired: 0.
82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.603 * DB loaded from disk: 0.011 seconds
82538:M 29 Dec 2021 18:41:09.603 * Ready to accept connections

修改redis.conf

/opt/thunisoft/redis/bin/redis.conf
--添加
loadmodule /opt/thunisoft/redis/redisjson/rejson.so

然后重启redis,JSON.SET已经可用

[root@server bin]# sh start.sh 
[root@server bin]# ./redis-cli   -a 123456 
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.SET jsonkey   .  '{"a":"b","c":["1","2","3"]}'
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.GET jsonkey
"{\"a\":\"b\",\"c\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"3\"]}"
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.GET jsonkey .a
"\"b\""

JSON使用

JSON.SET

127.0.0.1:6379>  JSON.SET doc . '{"a":2, "b": 3}'
OK
  • SON.SET 是json设置命令

  • doc 是 key

  • . 是json文档的root,后面的一串是具体的 json 数据值

  • 如果使用的是RedisJson2.0+版本,可以将.替换为,JSON.SET doc $ '{"a":2, "b": 3}'

JSON.GET

  • JSON.GET获取json值
127.0.0.1:6379>  JSON.GET doc
"{\"a\":2,\"b\":3}"
127.0.0.1:6379>  JSON.GET doc a
"2"
  • 嵌套结构,获取json值
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.SET doc $ '{"a":2, "b": 3, "nested": {"a": 4, "b": null},"c":{"b":4}}'
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.GET doc b
"3"
-- $..b可以获取所有b的值
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.GET doc $..b
"[3,null,4]"

JSON.STRAPPEND

  • JSON.STRAPPEND [path]
  • json-string值附加 到字符串中 pathpath如果未提供,则默认为 root。
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.SET doc $ '{"a":"foo", "nested": {"a": "hello"}, "nested2": {"a": 31}}'
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.GET doc $
"[{\"a\":\"foo\",\"nested\":{\"a\":\"hello\"},\"nested2\":{\"a\":31}}]"
127.0.0.1:6379> 
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.STRAPPEND doc $..a '"baz"'
1) (integer) 6
2) (integer) 8
3) (nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.GET doc $
"[{\"a\":\"foobaz\",\"nested\":{\"a\":\"hellobaz\"},\"nested2\":{\"a\":31}}]"

JSON.DEL

127.0.0.1:6379>  JSON.SET doc $ '{"a": 1, "nested": {"a": 2, "b": 3}}'
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.get doc
"{\"a\":1,\"nested\":{\"a\":2,\"b\":3}}"
127.0.0.1:6379> 
127.0.0.1:6379> 
--删除
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.DEL doc $..a
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> 
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.get doc
"{\"nested\":{\"b\":3}}"

###JSON.ARRAPPEND

语法:JSON.ARRAPPEND [json ...]

json值附加 到数组中 path的最后一个元素之后。

127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.SET doc $ '{"a":[1], "nested": {"a": [1,2]}, "nested2": {"a": 42}}'
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.ARRAPPEND doc $..a 3 4
1) (integer) 3
2) (integer) 4
3) (nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.GET doc $
"[{\"a\":[1,3,4],\"nested\":{\"a\":[1,2,3,4]},\"nested2\":{\"a\":42}}]"
  • json中嵌套数组,包含多条记录,类似于表

    127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.SET testarray .  '{"employees":[         {"name":"Alpha", "email":"alpha@gmail.com", "age":23},         {"name":"Beta", "email":"beta@gmail.com", "age":28},       {"name":"Gamma", "email":"gamma@gmail.com", "age":33},         {"name":"Theta", "email":"theta@gmail.com", "age":41}    ]}   '
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> 
    127.0.0.1:6379> 
    127.0.0.1:6379> 
    127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.get testarray
    "{\"employees\":[{\"name\":\"Alpha\",\"email\":\"alpha@gmail.com\",\"age\":23},{\"name\":\"Beta\",\"email\":\"beta@gmail.com\",\"age\":28},{\"name\":\"Gamma\",\"email\":\"gamma@gmail.com\",\"age\":33},{\"name\":\"Theta\",\"email\":\"theta@gmail.com\",\"age\":41}]}"
    

JSON.ARRINSERT

语法:JSON.ARRINSERT [json ...]

将值插入到数组中

127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.SET doc $ '{"a":[3], "nested": {"a": [3,4]}}'
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.ARRINSERT doc $..a 0 1 2 5
1) (integer) 4
2) (integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> JSON.GET doc $
"[{\"a\":[1,2,5,3],\"nested\":{\"a\":[1,2,5,3,4]}}]"

还有许多JSON操作,可参考:https://oss.redis.com/redisjson/commands/#supported-json

JSON全文检索

使用文档:https://developer.redis.com/howtos/redisjson/getting-started

file

可以看到默认情况下,中文是不会进行分词,只是默认的按照逗号进行分割。英文支持全文检索

查询资料得知redisjson在创建索引的时候可以指定分词

FT.CREATE {index}
    [ON {data_type}]
       [PREFIX {count} {prefix} [{prefix} ...]
       [FILTER {filter}]
       [LANGUAGE {default_lang}]
       [LANGUAGE_FIELD {lang_attribute}]
       [SCORE {default_score}]
       [SCORE_FIELD {score_attribute}]
       [PAYLOAD_FIELD {payload_attribute}]
    [MAXTEXTFIELDS] [TEMPORARY {seconds}] [NOOFFSETS] [NOHL] [NOFIELDS] [NOFREQS] [SKIPINITIALSCAN]
    [STOPWORDS {num} {stopword} ...]
    SCHEMA {identifier} [AS {attribute}]
        [TEXT [NOSTEM] [WEIGHT {weight}] [PHONETIC {matcher}] | NUMERIC | GEO | TAG [SEPARATOR {sep}] [CASESENSITIVE] [SORTABLE [UNF]] [NOINDEX]] |
        [VECTOR {algorithm} {count} [{attribute_name} {attribute_value} ...]] ...
  • json创建索引
  • ON JSON,如果是文本,则指定TEXT
--新建一个索引:i_index1
redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137>   FT.CREATE i_index1 ON JSON LANGUAGE chinese SCHEMA $.title TEXT 
OK
--插入数据
redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137>   JSON.SET myDoc $ '{"title": "云南省昆明市盘龙区", "content": "bar1"}'
OK
--查询昆明市,可以查询出结果
redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137>  FT.SEARCH i_index1 "昆明市" LANGUAGE chinese 
1) (integer) 1
2) "myDoc"
3) 1) "$"
   2) "{\"title\":\"\xe5\x9b\x9b\xe5\xb7\x9d\xe7\x9c\x81\xe6\x88\x90\xe9\x83\xbd\xe5\xb8\x82\xe6\x88\x90\xe5\x8d\x8e\xe5\x8c\xba\",\"content\":\"bar1\"}"
  • 分词方法
  • 从下面的结果来看,查询的云南省昆明市盘龙区,均可以查询出来,但是查询昆明云南昆盘等就查询不出来。
    redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137> FT.SEARCH i_index1 "云南省" LANGUAGE chinese 
    1) (integer) 1
    2) "myDoc"
    3) 1) "$"
     2) "{\"title\":\"\xe5\x9b\x9b\xe5\xb7\x9d\xe7\x9c\x81\xe6\x88\x90\xe9\x83\xbd\xe5\xb8\x82\xe6\x88\x90\xe5\x8d\x8e\xe5\x8c\xba\",\"content\":\"bar1\"}"
    redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137>  FT.SEARCH i_index1 "区" LANGUAGE chinese 
    1) (integer) 0
    

redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137> FT.SEARCH i_index1 "云南省" LANGUAGE chinese

1) (integer) 0 redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137> FT.SEARCH i_index1 "昆明市" LANGUAGE chinese

1) (integer) 1 2) "myDoc" 3) 1) "$" 2) "{"title":"\xe5\x9b\x9b\xe5\xb7\x9d\xe7\x9c\x81\xe6\x88\x90\xe9\x83\xbd\xe5\xb8\x82\xe6\x88\x90\xe5\x8d\x8e\xe5\x8c\xba","content":"bar1"}" redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137> FT.SEARCH i_index1 "昆明" LANGUAGE chinese

1) (integer) 0 redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137> FT.SEARCH i_index1 "盘龙区" LANGUAGE chinese

1) (integer) 1 2) "myDoc" 3) 1) "$" 2) "{"title":"\xe5\x9b\x9b\xe5\xb7\x9d\xe7\x9c\x81\xe6\x88\x90\xe9\x83\xbd\xe5\xb8\x82\xe6\x88\x90\xe5\x8d\x8e\xe5\x8c\xba","content":"bar1"}" redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137> FT.SEARCH i_index1 "盘龙" LANGUAGE chinese

1) (integer) 0 redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137> FT.SEARCH i_index1 "区" LANGUAGE chinese

1) (integer) 0


- 测试`南京长江大桥`

- 可以看到将`南京长江大桥`,查询`南京`,`长江`和`大桥`没有结果,查询`南京市`,`长江大桥`有结果,擦测可能分割成了`南京市`,`长江大桥`

  ```sql
  redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137> JSON.SET myDoc $ '{"title": "南京市长江大桥", "content": "bar1"}'
  OK
  redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137> FT.SEARCH i_index1 "南京市" LANGUAGE chinese 
  1) (integer) 1
  2) "myDoc"
  3) 1) "$"
     2) "{\"title\":\"\xe5\x8d\x97\xe4\xba\xac\xe5\xb8\x82\xe9\x95\xbf\xe6\xb1\x9f\xe5\xa4\xa7\xe6\xa1\xa5\",\"content\":\"bar1\"}"
  redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137>  FT.SEARCH i_index1 "长江" LANGUAGE chinese
  1) (integer) 0
  redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137> FT.SEARCH i_index1 "大桥" LANGUAGE chinese 
  1) (integer) 0
  redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137> FT.SEARCH i_index1 "长江大桥" LANGUAGE chinese 
  1) (integer) 1
  2) "myDoc"
  3) 1) "$"
     2) "{\"title\":\"\xe5\x8d\x97\xe4\xba\xac\xe5\xb8\x82\xe9\x95\xbf\xe6\xb1\x9f\xe5\xa4\xa7\xe6\xa1\xa5\",\"content\":\"bar1\"}"
  redis-17137.c245.us-east-1-3.ec2.cloud.redislabs.com:17137> FT.SEARCH i_index1 "南京" LANGUAGE chinese 
  1) (integer) 0

创建索引时需要指定LANGUAGE chinese

redisjson:https://oss.redis.com/redisearch/master/Commands/#FT.SEARCH

  • 全文检索支持的语言:
arabic
armenian
danish
dutch
english
finnish
french
german
hungarian
italian
norwegian
portuguese
romanian
russian
serbian
spanish
swedish
tamil
turkish
yiddish
chinese (see below)

RediSearch默认使用了Friso来进行中文分词

Friso:Friso 是使用 ANSI C 语言开发的一款开源中文分词器,使用流行的 mmseg 算法实现。完全基于模块化设计和实现,可以很方便的植入其他程序中,例如:MySQL,PHP,源码无需修改就能在各种平台下编译使用,同时支持对 UTF-8/GBK 编码的切分。

Friso分词

  • 安装Friso分词,测试发现确实是这样
[root@server friso-1.6.1-release]# ./src/friso -init ./friso.ini 
Initialized in 0.340000sec
Mode: Complex
+-Version: 1.6.1 (UTF-8)
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| friso - a chinese word segmentation writen by c.          |
| bug report email - chenxin619315@gmail.com.               |
| or: visit http://code.google.com/p/friso.                 |
|     java edition for http://code.google.com/p/jcseg       |
| type 'quit' to exit the program.                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
friso>> 南京市长江大桥
分词结果:
南京市 长江大桥 
Done, cost < 0.000000sec

friso>> 云南省昆明市盘龙区
分词结果:
云南省 昆明市 盘龙区 
Done, cost < 0.000000sec
friso>> 

Friso基于mmseg算法实现,以正向最大匹配为主,多种消除歧义的规则为辅

mmseg分词:http://technology.chtsai.org/mmseg/

每次从一个完整的句子里,按照从左向右的顺序,识别出多种不同的3个词的组合;然后根据下面的4条消歧规则,确定最佳的备选词组合;
选择备选词组合中的第1个词,作为1次迭代的分词结果;剩余的2个词继续进行下一轮的分词运算。
采用这种办法的好处是,为传统的前向最大匹配算法加入了上下文信息,解决了其每次选词只考虑词本身,而忽视上下文相关词的问题。
4条消歧规则包括,
1)备选词组合的长度之和最大。
2)备选词组合的平均词长最大;
3)备选词组合的词长变化最小;
4)备选词组合中,单字词的出现频率统计值最高。

对比abase数据库的分词(SCWS)

  • scws分词,会分的很细,基本涵盖所有词组的拆分
postgres=# select to_tsvector('testzhcfg','南京市长江大桥');
                                      to_tsvector                                       
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '南京':2 '南京市':1 '大':9 '大桥':6 '市':3 '桥':10 '江':8 '长':7 '长江':5 '长江大桥':4
(1 row)

postgres=#  select to_tsvector('testzhcfg','云南省昆明市盘龙区');
                                             to_tsvector                                             
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '区':12 '龙':11 '云南':2 '云南省':1 '市':7 '昆':6,10 '盘龙':9 '盘龙区':8 '昆明':5 '昆明市':4 '省':3
(1 row)

ES

es有专门的分词引擎,支持多种分词器,常使用的IK分词

总结

1、RedisJson支持JSON全文检索,使用Friso分词,该分词分的不是特别细,会导致某些二元词组查询不到

2、对比JSON的操作功能比较全面,RedisJson出来没多久,网上的应用场景比较少

本文由博客一文多发平台 OpenWrite 发布!

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