java解决多线程并发安全问题的三种方式

java并发线程带来的安全问题

场景模拟

创建三个线程模拟三个售票窗口,来同时出售一百张票

代码

package com.shemuel;

/**
 * @Author: dengshaoxiang
 * @Date: 2019/6/11 15:46
 * @Description:
 */
public class ThreadDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyTicket ticket = new MyTicket();
        new Thread(ticket,"一号窗口").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"二号窗口").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"三号窗口").start();
    }
}
class MyTicket implements Runnable{
    // 一百张票
    private int ticket = 100;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            if (ticket > 0) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "售票完成,余票 : " + --ticket);
            }
        }
    }
}

运行程序,结果:

可以看到结果数据产生了问题.

解决方法

方法一 :同步代码块

代码:

package com.shemuel;

/**
 * @Author: dengshaoxiang
 * @Date: 2019/6/11 15:46
 * @Description:
 */
public class ThreadDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyTicket ticket = new MyTicket();
        new Thread(ticket,"一号窗口").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"二号窗口").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"三号窗口").start();
    }
}
class MyTicket implements Runnable{
    // 一百张票
    private int ticket = 100;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        sellTicket();
    }
    public synchronized void sellTicket() {
        while (true) {
            if (ticket > 0) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(50);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "售票完成,余票 : " + --ticket);
            }
        }
    }
}

结果:

方法二 : 同步方法

代码:

package com.shemuel;

/**
 * @Author: dengshaoxiang
 * @Date: 2019/6/11 15:46
 * @Description:
 */
public class ThreadDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyTicket ticket = new MyTicket();
        new Thread(ticket,"一号窗口").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"二号窗口").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"三号窗口").start();
    }
}
class MyTicket implements Runnable{
    // 一百张票
    private int ticket = 100;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (this){
            while (true) {
                if (ticket > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(50);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "售票完成,余票 : " + --ticket);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

结果:

方法三 : Lock同步锁

代码:

package com.shemuel;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * @Author: dengshaoxiang
 * @Date: 2019/6/11 15:46
 * @Description:
 */
public class ThreadDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyTicket ticket = new MyTicket();
        new Thread(ticket,"一号窗口").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"二号窗口").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"三号窗口").start();
    }
}
class MyTicket implements Runnable{
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    // 一百张票
    private int ticket = 100;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                if (ticket > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(50);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "售票完成,余票 : " + --ticket);
                }
            }finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

结果:

注意:lock 一定要在finally代码块里解锁.
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