记Nginx反向代理、负载均衡

Nginx配置文件

• /usr/local/nainx/conf/nginx.conf

文件结构

1、 全局块

#配置影响全局的配置
#用户组
#user  nobody;
#允许进程数
worker_processes  1;

#全局错误日志  notice、info 日志级别
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid 存放路径
#pid        logs/nginx.pid

2 、 events块

events {
   #最大连接数
    worker_connections  1024;
}

3 、 http块

• 嵌套多个serve
• 配置反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持

http {
  #多个主机对应多个server
  ...
  
  server{
     #虚拟主机配置；web服务器                  
     ...
     location [pattern]{
     #正则过来url，不同url对应不同location
        ...
     }
        ...
     location[pattern]{
        ...
     }
        ...
  }
  server{
     ...
  }
}

4 、 server块

• 配置虚拟主机的相关参数

5 、 location块

• 请求URL过滤，正则匹配

配置后nginx.conf

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
    # 与location块中proxy_pass的名字相同
    upstream itripbiz_server{
               server 127.0.0.1:8080;
        }
   #第一个server
    server {
        #监听端口
        listen       80;
        #监听地址，使用该地址访问
        server_name  itrip.project.bdqn.cn;
        #location 中提出设置默认路径默认页
        root /data/itrip/itripfront;
        index index.html;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        
        location / {
             #将request请求中的post和客户端真实ip的代理到tomcat,否则只能取到nginx ip
             proxy_set_header Host $host;
             proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
             #反向代理
             proxy_pass http://itripbiz_server;
        }
        #静态文件缓存 
        location ~ .*\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|cur|gz|svg|svgz|mp4|ogg|ogv|webm)$
        {
             proxy_set_header Host $host;
             proxy_pass http://itripbiz_server;

             expires 6h;
        }
        location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
        {
             proxy_set_header Host $host;
             proxy_pass http://itripbiz_server;
             expires 2h;
        }
        access_log  /data/logs/nginx/app_access.log;

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

反向代理成功设置成功，启动tomcat
检测nginx.conf是否合法

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

出现错误

[root@MiWiFi-R4-srv bin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: [emerg] "upstream" directive is not allowed here in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:45
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed
# upstream 位置不对放在server 块外

[root@MiWiFi-R4-srv bin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: [emerg] directive "location" has no opening "{" in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:57
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed

[root@MiWiFi-R4-srv bin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: [emerg] open() "/data/logs/nginx/app_access.log" failed (2: No such file or directory)
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed
#文件路径不存在，mkdir -p ........

[root@MiWiFi-R4-srv bin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
#检测通过

#启动nginx
[root@MiWiFi-R4-srv bin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 

配置负载均衡

1、轮询

    upstream itripbiz_server
    {#轮询方式 
       server 127.0.0.1:8082;
       server 127.0.0.1:8080;
    }

2、热备

• backup

    upstream itripbiz_server
    {#热备方式  宕机后转发至热备服务器
       server 127.0.0.1:8082;
       server 127.0.0.1:8080 backup;
    }

3、权重

• weight

    upstream itripbiz_server
    {#权重
       server 127.0.0.1:8082;
       server 127.0.0.1:8080 weigth=2;
    }

4、IP地址hash

• ip_hash
• 解决Tomcat之间session 共享

    upstream itripbiz_server
    {  ip_hash;
       server 127.0.0.1:8082;
       server 127.0.0.1:8080 weigth=2;
    }

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swagger 修改