MySQL多实例安装

多实例安装

1. 多实例介绍

• 一台服务器上安装多个MySQL数据库实例
• 可以充分利用服务器的硬件资源
• 通过mysqld_multi进行管理

2. 安装要求

• MySQL实例1 - mysql1

  • port = 3306
  • datadir = /data1
  • socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1

• MySQL实例2 - mysql2

  • port = 3307
  • datadir = /data2
  • socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2

• MySQL实例3 - mysql3

  • port = 3308
  • datadir = /data3
  • socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3

• MySQL实例4 - mysql4

  • port = 3309
  • datadir = /data4
  • socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4

该三个参数必须定制，且必须不同 (port / datadir / socket)
server-id和多数据库实例没有关系，和数据库复制有关系。

3. 安装操作

#
# 多实例配置文件，可以mysqld_multi --example 查看例子
#
[root@MyServer /]> cat /etc/my.cnf 
#[client]           # 这个标签如果配置了用户和密码，
                    # 并且[mysqld_multi]下没有配置用户名密码，
                    # 则mysqld_multi stop时, 会使用这个密码
                    # 如果没有精确的匹配，则匹配[client]标签
#user = root        
#password = 123
#-------------
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user = multi_admin
pass = 123  # 官方文档中写的password，但是存在bug，需要改成pass(v5.7.9)
            # 写成password，start时正常，stop时，报如下错误
            # Access denied for user 'multi_admin'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
log = /var/log/mysqld_multi.log


[mysqld1]  # mysqld后面的数字为GNR, 是该实例的标识
           # mysqld_multi  start 1,  mysqld_multi start 2-4
server-id = 11
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1
port = 3306
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
datadir = /data1
user = mysql
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
skip_name_resolve = 1
log_error = error.log
pid-file = /data1/mysql.pid1


[mysqld2]
server-id = 12
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
port = 3307
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
datadir = /data2
user = mysql
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
skip_name_resolve = 1
log_error = error.log
pid-file = /data2/mysql.pid2


[mysqld3]
server-id = 13
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3
port = 3308
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
datadir = /data3
user = mysql
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
skip_name_resolve = 1
log_error = error.log
pid-file = /data3/mysql.pid3


[mysqld4]
server-id = 14
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4
port = 3309
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
datadir = /data4
user = mysql
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
skip_name_resolve = 1
log_error = error.log
pid-file = /data4/mysql.pid4

#
# 准备好数据目录，并初始化安装
#
[root@MyServer ~]> mkdir /data1
[root@MyServer ~]> mkdir /data2
[root@MyServer ~]> mkdir /data3
[root@MyServer ~]> mkdir /data4
[root@MyServer ~]> chown mysql.mysql /data{1..4}
[root@MyServer ~]> mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data1
#
# 一些日志输出，并提示临时密码，下同
#
[root@MyServer ~]> mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data2
[root@MyServer ~]> mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data3
[root@MyServer ~]> mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data4
# 安装后，需要检查error.log 确保没有错误出现
[root@MyServer ~]> cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid 
# 拷贝启动脚本，方便自启
[root@MyServer ~]> chkconfig mysqld_multid on

[root@MyServer ~]> mysqld_multi  start
[root@MyServer ~]> mysqld_multi  report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld4 is running
[root@MyServer ~]> netstat -tunlp | grep mysql
[root@MyServer ~]> netstat -tunlp | grep mysql
tcp        0      0 :::3307                     :::*                        LISTEN      6221/mysqld         
tcp        0      0 :::3308                     :::*                        LISTEN      6232/mysqld         
tcp        0      0 :::3309                     :::*                        LISTEN      6238/mysqld         
tcp        0      0 :::3306                     :::*                        LISTEN      6201/mysqld         

[root@MyServer ~]> mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock1 -p -P3306
#
# 使用-S /tmp/mysql.sock1 进行登录，并输入临时密码后，修改密码，下同
#
[root@MyServer ~]> mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock2 -p -P3307
[root@MyServer ~]> mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock3 -p -P3308
[root@MyServer ~]> mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock4 -p -P3309

--
-- mysql1
--
mysql> show variables like "port"; 
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| port          | 3306  |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like "socket";
+---------------+------------------+
| Variable_name | Value            |
+---------------+------------------+
| socket        | /tmp/mysql.sock1 |
+---------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> show variables like "datadir";
+---------------+---------+
| Variable_name | Value   |
+---------------+---------+
| datadir       | /data1/ |
+---------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

--
-- 这样才能进行关闭数据库的操作
-- 和[mysqld_multi]中的user，pass(注意在5.7.9中不是password)对应起来 （类比[client]标签）
-- 一会测试federated链接，需要增加federated参数，并重启mysql2
--
mysql> create user 'multi_admin'@'localhost' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant shutdown on *.* to 'multi_admin'@'localhost';

--
-- mysql2, mysql3, mysql4 类似。可以看到与my.cnf中对应的port和socket
--