最近在学习Netty,因为要学习网络通讯,所以在看完socket后,又接着看NIO,然后是Netty,可以说的是:先看完NIO,看完了NIO以后,再来看Netty,这样比较好懂一些,因为这里毕竟用到了Chanel,了解下NIO,对于熟悉Netty就会达到事半功倍的效果。
Netty是业界最流行的NIO框架之一,它的健壮性、功能、性能、可定制性和可扩展性在同类框架中都是首屈一指的,它已经得到成百上千的商用项目验证,例如Hadoop的RPC框架avro使用Netty作为底层通信框架。很多其它业界主流的RPC框架,也使用Netty来构建高性能的异步通信能力。
通过对Netty的分析,我们将它的优点总结如下:
1) API使用简单,开发门槛低;
2) 功能强大,预置了多种编解码功能,支持多种主流协议;
3) 定制能力强,可以通过ChannelHandler对通信框架进行灵活的扩展;
4) 性能高,通过与其它业界主流的NIO框架对比,Netty的综合性能最优;
5) 成熟、稳定,Netty修复了已经发现的所有JDK NIO BUG,业务开发人员不需要再为NIO的BUG而烦恼;
6) 社区活跃,版本迭代周期短,发现的BUG可以被及时修复,同时,更多的新功能会被加入;
7) 经历了大规模的商业应用考验,质量已经得到验证。在互联网、大数据、网络游戏、企业应用、电信软件等众多行业得到成功商用,证明了它可以完全满足不同行业的商业应用。
正是因为这些优点,Netty逐渐成为Java NIO编程的首选框架。
下面是一个小demo:
首先是pom.xml里的配置
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>sockets</groupId>
<artifactId>socketDemo</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>socketDemo Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--Netty all-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.9.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!--Commons-codec -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.10</version>
</dependency>
<!--dom4j-->
<dependency>
<groupId>dom4j</groupId>
<artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--fastjson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.33</version>
</dependency>
<!--log4j-->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>socketDemo</finalName>
</build>
</project>
第二,在resource里写一个配置文件 config.properties
#netty 服务端ip
nioServerIp=127.0.0.1
#netty 服务端端口
nioServerPort=19990
第三步,开始写代码了:
先写Service的Handler :serverHandler
package com.NEttydemo.test;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
/**
* Created by T430 on 2017/8/30.
*/
public class ServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
System.out.println("server received data:" + msg);
ctx.write(msg);//写入数据
}
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER)//flush调所有写回的数据
.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);//当flash完成后关闭Channel
}
//重写了exceptionCaught方法,这里就是对当异常出现时的处理。
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
cause.printStackTrace();//捕获异常信息
ctx.close();//出现异常时关闭channel
}
}
在写server
package com.NEttydemo.test;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldPrepender;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
/**
*
* netty 服务器
* Created by T430 on 2017/8/30.
*/
public class NettyServer {
//IP地址
private static String IP="127.0.0.1";
//默认端口
private static int port=5566;
//组的数量
private static final int BIZGROUPSIZE= Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()*2;
//头部数量
private static final int BIZTHREADSIZE = 100;
//创建领导组
private static final EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(BIZGROUPSIZE);
//创建工作组
private static final EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(BIZTHREADSIZE);
public static void init() throws Exception{
ServerBootstrap bootstrap=new ServerBootstrap();//声明 组
bootstrap.group(bossGroup,workerGroup);//添加组
bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);//声明通道
bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//pipeline管理channel中的Handler
ChannelPipeline pipeline = channel.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 4, 0, 4));
pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldPrepender(4));
pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
pipeline.addLast(new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
pipeline.addLast(new ServerHandler());
}
});
IP =Configuration.getProperty("nioServerIp");
port=Integer.parseInt(Configuration.getProperty("nioServerPort"));
System.out.println("【TCP服务器IP】"+IP+"【TCP服务器PORT】"+port);
//配置完成,开始绑定server,通过调用sync同步方法阻塞直到绑定成功
ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.bind(IP, port).sync();
//应用程序会一直等待,直到channel关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
System.out.println("TCP服务器已启动");
}
protected static void shutdown() {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("初始化配置文件...");
Configuration.init();
System.out.println("开始启动TCP服务器...");
NettyServer.init();
// HelloServer.shutdown();
}
}
接着写client的Handler ClientHandler
package com.NEttydemo.test;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
/**
* Created by T430 on 2017/8/30.
*/
public class ClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println("【client接收到服务器返回的消息】:" + msg);
}
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
System.out.println("【client exception is general】");
}
}
再写Client
package com.NEttydemo.test;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldPrepender;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
/**
*
* 客户端
* Created by T430 on 2017/8/30.
*/
public class NettyClient implements Runnable{
public void run() {
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group);
b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class).option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true);
b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast("frameDecoder", new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 4, 0, 4));
pipeline.addLast("frameEncoder", new LengthFieldPrepender(4));
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
pipeline.addLast("handler", new ClientHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture f = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 19990).sync();
f.channel().writeAndFlush("Netty Hello Service!"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":--->:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
new Thread(new NettyClient(),"【this thread】 "+i).start();
}
}
}
最后得到的结果:
启动服务端的截图:
启动服务端,客户端后的截图分别是:
到此,demo结束!