Leetcode之Find K Pairs with Smallest Sums

题目：

You are given two integer arrays nums1 and nums2 sorted in ascending order and an integer k.

Define a pair (u,v) which consists of one element from the first array and one element from the second array.

Find the k pairs (u1,v1),(u2,v2) ...(uk,vk) with the smallest sums.

Example 1:

Input: nums1 = [1,7,11], nums2 = [2,4,6], k = 3
Output: [[1,2],[1,4],[1,6]] 
Explanation: The first 3 pairs are returned from the sequence: 
             [1,2],[1,4],[1,6],[7,2],[7,4],[11,2],[7,6],[11,4],[11,6]

Example 2:

Input: nums1 = [1,1,2], nums2 = [1,2,3], k = 2
Output: [1,1],[1,1]
Explanation: The first 2 pairs are returned from the sequence: 
             [1,1],[1,1],[1,2],[2,1],[1,2],[2,2],[1,3],[1,3],[2,3]

Example 3:

Input: nums1 = [1,2], nums2 = [3], k = 3
Output: [1,3],[2,3]
Explanation: All possible pairs are returned from the sequence: [1,3],[2,3]

代码：

方法一——利用数据结构：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> kSmallestPairs(vector<int>& nums1, vector<int>& nums2, int k) {
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        for(int i=0;i<min((int)nums1.size(),k);i++){
            for(int j=0;j<min((int)nums2.size(),k);j++){
                res.push_back({nums1[i],nums2[j]});
            }
        }
        sort(res.begin(),res.end(),[](vector<int>& a,vector<int>& b){return a[0]+a[1]<b[0]+b[1];});
        if(res.size()>k){
res.erase(res.erase(res.begin()+k+1,res.end()));
        }
        return res;
    }
};

方法二——利用multimap的特性，插入元素的时候自动排序：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<pair<int, int>> kSmallestPairs(vector<int>& nums1, vector<int>& nums2, int k) {
        vector<pair<int, int>> res;
        multimap<int, pair<int, int>> m;
        for (int i = 0; i < min((int)nums1.size(), k); ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < min((int)nums2.size(), k); ++j) {
                m.insert({nums1[i] + nums2[j], {nums1[i], nums2[j]}});
            }
        }
        for (auto it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it) {
            res.push_back(it->second);
            if (--k <= 0) return res;
        }
        return res;
    }
};

方法三——把它想象成一个二维矩阵的做法

class Solution {
public:
    vector<pair<int, int>> kSmallestPairs(vector<int>& nums1, vector<int>& nums2, int k) {
        vector<pair<int, int>> res;
        int size = min(k, int(nums1.size() * nums2.size()));
        vector<int> idx(nums1.size(), 0);
        for (int t = 0; t < size; ++t) {
            int cur = 0, sum = INT_MAX;
            for (int i = 0; i < nums1.size(); ++i) {
                if (idx[i] < nums2.size() && sum >= nums1[i] + nums2[idx[i]]) {
                    cur = i;
                    sum = nums1[i] + nums2[idx[i]];
                }
            }
            res.push_back({nums1[cur], nums2[idx[cur]]});
            ++idx[cur];
        }
        return res;
    }
};