安装主参考链接-11gR2安装
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_24058757/article/details/88170905
安装包下载
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/363641556
配置文件的参数说明
【oracle】静默安装 oracle 11gr2-阿里云开发者社区 (aliyun.com)
预安装报错
linuxcentos7.6通过oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall安装oracle12R2官方建议参数_oracle preinstall
环境信息: linux虚拟机 4C16G
- 安装必要的工具
#wget:下载工具;zip:打包工具;unzip:解压工具
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install wget zip unzip
- 关闭防火墙
#查看防火墙状态
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since 一 2019-03-04 14:31:15 CST; 4min 32s ago
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Main PID: 693 (firewalld)
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─693 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
3月 04 14:31:15 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
3月 04 14:31:15 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
#关闭防火墙
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
#禁用防火墙
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
#确认防火墙状态
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
3月 04 14:31:15 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
3月 04 14:31:15 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
3月 04 14:36:34 node1.micserver systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
3月 04 14:36:35 node1.micserver systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
- 关闭Selinux
[root@node1 ~]# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
[root@node1 ~]# setenforce 0
#查看Selinux状态
[root@node1 ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus -v
- 安装Oracle依赖包
#通过安装Oracle YUM 源来安装所依赖的包
[root@node1 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@node1 yum.repos.d]# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo
#导入RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
[root@node1 yum.repos.d]# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol7 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
#安装oracle-rdbms-server-12cR2-preinstall快速配置Oracle安装环境
[root@node1 yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-12cR2-preinstall -y
preinstall提示Transaction check error
Transaction check error:
file /usr/lib/systemd/system-preset/90-default.preset from install of redhat-release-server-1:7.8-2.0.1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
file /etc/os-release from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
file /etc/redhat-release from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
file /etc/rpm/macros.dist from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
file /etc/system-release from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
file /etc/system-release-cpe from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
报错 oracle需要redhat版本信息,因为oracle官方要求使用redhat,我们删除centos版本信息
rpm -e --nodeps centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
清除缓存
yum clean cache
yum makecache
再次执行安装yum install oracle-rdbms-server-12cR2-preinstall -y
#安装完后查看后台日志内容
[root@node1 yum.repos.d]# more /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/results/orakernel.log
PS:#oracle-rdbms-server-12cR2-preinstall包所干的事情
(1)自动安装oracle所需的RPM包
(2)自动创建oracle用户和group组
(3)自动配置/etc/sysctl.conf内核参数
(4)自动配置/etc/security/limits.conf参数
修改Oracle密码
passwd oracle
开始安装
- 创建安装目录
#创建安装的目录
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbhome_1
#更改oracle目录的属主
[root@node1 ~]#chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
#更改oracle目录的权限
[root@node1 ~]#chmod -R 775 /u01/app
- 配置oracle用户环境变量
#切换到oracle用户环境
[root@node1 ~]# su - oracle
#编辑bash_profile文件,追加下列内容
[oracle@node1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
export TMP=/tmp #安装oracle软件过程中使用的临时文件目录
export TMPDIR=$TMP #安装oracle软件过程中使用的临时文件目录
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle #Oracle的BASE目录,所有关于Oracle的文件全部存放在这个目录中
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1/dbhome_1 #安装Oracle软件存放的目录
export ORACLE_SID=orcl #将要创建的数据库实例的名字
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #安装的时候指定终端的定义资源文件xterm表示窗口方式,rt100表示终端调试模式
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH #SHELL可执行文件的搜索路径
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #库文件的搜索路径
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib #java的class文件执行搜索的bin路径
export EDITOR=vim #在oracle操作环境下嵌入使用的文本编辑工具
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 #oracle用户这个客户端所识别的字符集
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS' #oracle用户这个客户端所识别的时间显式格式
#使环境变量生效
[oracle@node1 ~]$ source .bash_profile
#下载安装包,从本机把压缩包传到linux
scp E:\oracle-downloadforlinux\V839967-01.zip【本机文件】 root@192.168.8.177:/u01【目标地址:目标文件夹】
将安装包上传到u01文件夹下,可以通过FTP,rz命令等等上传到linux,这里不叙述了
[oracle@node1 u01]$ ls
V839967-01.zip oracle
#解压安装包
[oracle@node1 u01]$ unzip V839967-01.zip
#多了database文件夹
[oracle@node1 u01]$ ls
database V839967-01.zip oracle
[root@localhost u01]# ls -lrt
总用量 4601576
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 117 1月 27 2017 database
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1258314437 4月 19 11:30 V839967-01.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3453696911 4月 19 11:40 V839960-01.zip
drwxrwxr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 40 4月 19 15:05 app
#Oracle静默安装需要用到的应答文件
[oracle@node1 response]$ cd /u01/database/response
- 配置应答文件
设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname oradba
#修改安装应答
[oracle@node1 response]$ vi db_install.rsp
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.2.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora12c
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=
oracle.install.db.config.PDBName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=123456
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsPort=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminPassword=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableRecovery=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
- 安装数据库软件
[oracle@node1 database]$ /u01/database/runInstaller -silent -force -ignorePrereq -responseFile /u01/database/response/db_install.rsp
#跟踪安装进度
[oracle@node1 database]$ cd /u01/oracle/oraInventory/logs/
[oracle@node1 logs]$ tail -f installActions*log
#切换到root用户执行脚本更改权限oraInventory. 添加组的读取和写入权限。 删除全局的读取, 写入和执行权限。
[root@node1 ~]#su root
/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbhome_1/root.sh
- 安装监听
#切换到oracle用户
[root@node1 ~]# su - oracle
#打开database
[oracle@node1 u01]$ cd /u01/database
#安装应答
[oracle@node1 database]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /u01/database/response/netca.rsp
#查看监听状态,监听安装完默认是启动的
[oracle@node1 database]$ lsnrctl status
#如果监听没有启动,可以通过下列命令启动
[oracle@node1 database]$ lsnrctl start
- 静默dbca建立数据库
#编辑dbca.rsp文件
[oracle@node1 database]$ vi /u01/database/response/dbca.rsp
#进入编辑模式之后,shif+;/:键,输入set nu 命令是文件显示行数
GDBNAME = "orcl.oradb" #78行,全局数据库名字 sid+hostname
SID = "orcl" #149行
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8" #415行,编码
NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "UTF8" #425行
#开始安装,输入的SYS,SYSTEM口令自己定义,是SYS,SYSTEM用户的登陆密码,之后登陆该用户需要用到
[oracle@node1 database]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /u01/database/response/dbca.rs
输入 SYS 用户口令:
输入 SYSTEM 用户口令:
复制数据库文件
1% 已完成
....
100% 已完成
有关详细信息, 请参阅日志文件 "/u01/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log"。
#安装完成后一般自动启动数据库,如果没有输入下列命令启动数据库
[oracle@node1 database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Mar 4 16:03:00 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
试一下数据库工具链接,提示ORA-12514
#打开文件夹
[oracle@node1 database]$ cd /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin
[oracle@node1 admin]$ ls
listener.ora samples shrept.lst sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora
#修改listener.ora,修改中间的orcl如下
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbhome_1/network/admin
vi listener.ora
[oracle@node1 admin]$ vi listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
LISTENER =(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =localhost)(PORT = 1521)))
#修改tnsnames.ora 修改中间的orcl如下
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbhome_1/network/admin
vi tnsnames.ora
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = orcl)
)
)
#开启监听服务
[oracle@node1 admin]$ lsnrctl start
#登入
[oracle@node1 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Mar 4 16:27:54 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
再次尝试数据库工具连接
设置开机自启