使用GeoTools在Java中构建地理点、线和面

心上之秋

于 2024-08-13 17:33:49 发布

阅读量335

点赞数 3

文章标签： java 开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35485206/article/details/141177789

版权

一、简介

GeoTools是一个开源的Java库，广泛用于处理地理信息系统(GIS)中的数据。本文将详细介绍如何使用GeoTools在Java中构建地理点、线和面的几何对象，并将这些对象存储到Shapefile中。

二、准备工作

安装GeoTools

在开始之前，你需要确保已将GeoTools库添加到项目中。可以通过Maven来进行安装：

Maven依赖：

<dependencies>
    <!-- GeoTools Core dependency -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
        <artifactId>gt-main</artifactId>
        <version>24.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- GeoTools Shapefile dependency -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
        <artifactId>gt-shapefile</artifactId>
        <version>24.4</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

三、创建地理点(Point)

import org.geotools.geometry.jts.JTSFactoryFinder;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Coordinate;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.GeometryFactory;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Point;

public class CreatePoint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建GeometryFactory实例
        GeometryFactory geometryFactory = JTSFactoryFinder.getGeometryFactory();

        // 创建地理点
        Coordinate coord = new Coordinate(116.397128, 39.916527); // 北京的经度和纬度
        Point point = geometryFactory.createPoint(coord);

        // 输出
        System.out.println("Created Point: " + point);
    }
}

四、创建地理线(LineString)

import org.geotools.geometry.jts.JTSFactoryFinder;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Coordinate;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.GeometryFactory;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.LineString;

public class CreateLineString {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建GeometryFactory实例
        GeometryFactory geometryFactory = JTSFactoryFinder.getGeometryFactory();

        // 创建地理线(线串)
        Coordinate[] coords = new Coordinate[] {
            new Coordinate(116.397128, 39.916527), // 北京
            new Coordinate(121.473701, 31.230416)  // 上海
        };
        LineString lineString = geometryFactory.createLineString(coords);

        // 输出
        System.out.println("Created LineString: " + lineString);
    }
}

五、创建地理面(Polygon)

import org.geotools.geometry.jts.JTSFactoryFinder;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Coordinate;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.GeometryFactory;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.LinearRing;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Polygon;

public class CreatePolygon {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建GeometryFactory实例
        GeometryFactory geometryFactory = JTSFactoryFinder.getGeometryFactory();

        // 创建地理面(多边形)
        Coordinate[] coords = new Coordinate[] {
            new Coordinate(116.0, 39.0),
            new Coordinate(117.0, 39.0),
            new Coordinate(117.0, 40.0),
            new Coordinate(116.0, 40.0),
            new Coordinate(116.0, 39.0)
        };
        LinearRing ring = geometryFactory.createLinearRing(coords);
        Polygon polygon = geometryFactory.createPolygon(ring, null);

        // 输出
        System.out.println("Created Polygon: " + polygon);
    }
}

六、将几何对象存储到Shapefile

import org.geotools.data.DataStoreFactorySpi;
import org.geotools.data.FileDataStore;
import org.geotools.data.FileDataStoreFinder;
import org.geotools.data.shapefile.ShapefileDataStoreFactory;
import org.geotools.feature.simple.SimpleFeatureBuilder;
import org.geotools.geoemtry.jts.JTSFactoryFinder;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Coordinate;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.GeometryFactory;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Point;
import org.opengis.feature.simple.SimpleFeature;
import org.opengis.feature.simple.SimpleFeatureType;
import org.opengis.referencing.crs.CoordinateReferenceSystem;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class SaveToShapefile {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 创建GeometryFactory实例
        GeometryFactory geometryFactory = JTSFactoryFinder.getGeometryFactory();

        // 创建地理点
        Coordinate coord = new Coordinate(116.397128, 39.916527); // 北京
        Point point = geometryFactory.createPoint(coord);

        // 定义Shapefile的特征类型
        String typeSpec = "the_geom:Point:srid=4326," +
                          "name:String";
        SimpleFeatureType featureType = new SimpleFeatureTypeBuilder()
                                        .setName("Location")
                                        .add("the_geom", Point.class, DefaultGeographicCRS.WGS84)
                                        .add("name", String.class)
                                        .buildFeatureType();

        // 创建特征
        SimpleFeatureBuilder featureBuilder = new SimpleFeatureBuilder(featureType);
        featureBuilder.add(point);
        featureBuilder.add("Beijing");
        SimpleFeature feature = featureBuilder.buildFeature(null);

        // 创建Shapefile并写入特征
        File file = new File("locations.shp");
        Map<String, Serializable> params = new HashMap<>();
        params.put("url", file.toURI().toURL());

        DataStoreFactorySpi factory = new ShapefileDataStoreFactory();
        FileDataStore dataStore = (FileDataStore) factory.createNewDataStore(params);
        dataStore.createSchema(featureType);
        Transaction transaction = new DefaultTransaction("create");

        try (FeatureWriter<SimpleFeatureType, SimpleFeature> writer = dataStore.getFeatureWriterAppend(transaction)) {
            SimpleFeature toWrite = writer.next();
            toWrite.setAttributes(feature.getAttributes());
            writer.write();
            transaction.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            transaction.rollback();
        } finally {
            transaction.close();
        }
    }
}

七、小结

本文介绍了如何在Java中使用GeoTools库来创建地理点、线和面，并将这些几何对象存储为Shapefile格式文件。通过这些基本步骤，你可以轻松构建和操作地理空间数据，为进一步的GIS分析打下基础。GeoTools作为一个强大的工具包，不仅提供了丰富的几何操作，还支持各种GIS数据格式和强大的坐标变换功能。希望本文对你有所帮助，祝你在GIS开发之路上取得更大的进步。