简析Activity的工作流程

对于Activity的分析，本文选择的是安卓8.0的源码，我们从Activity的创建即onCreat方法去探索它的工作流程。分析之前，先上一个UML活动图，大致梳理一下工作流程:

我们平时通调用startActivity方法来启动一个Activity，所以就从startActivity这个方法分析。通过API，Activity有多个重载的startActivity方法，但最终都调用的是startActivityForResult方法，代码如下：

public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode,
            @Nullable Bundle options) {
        if (mParent == null) {
            options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
            Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
                mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
                    this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
                    intent, requestCode, options);
            if (ar != null) {
                mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
                    mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
                    ar.getResultData());
            }
            if (requestCode >= 0) {
                // If this start is requesting a result, we can avoid making
                // the activity visible until the result is received.  Setting
                // this code during onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) or onResume() will keep the
                // activity hidden during this time, to avoid flickering.
                // This can only be done when a result is requested because
                // that guarantees we will get information back when the
                // activity is finished, no matter what happens to it.
                mStartedActivity = true;
            }

            cancelInputsAndStartExitTransition(options);
            // TODO Consider clearing/flushing other event sources and events for child windows.
        } else {
            if (options != null) {
                mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode, options);
            } else {
                // Note we want to go through this method for compatibility with
                // existing applications that may have overridden it.
                mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode);
            }
        }
    }

这里的mParent是父容器Activity。当父容器mParent==null时，实质是调用了Instrumentation的execStartActivity方法，然后通过ActivityThread的sendActivityResult方法将启动的结果发送返回；如果当前的View是一个子view，就会调用父容器Activity的startActivityFromChild方法，而它最终同样也是调用了Instrumentation的execStartActivity方法。

public void startActivityFromChild(@NonNull Activity child, @RequiresPermission Intent intent,
            int requestCode, @Nullable Bundle options) {
        options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
        Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
            mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
                this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, child,
                intent, requestCode, options);
        if (ar != null) {
            mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
                mToken, child.mEmbeddedID, requestCode,
                ar.getResultCode(), ar.getResultData());
        }
        cancelInputsAndStartExitTransition(options);
    }

现在，我们看一下Instrumentation的这个execStartActivity方法。

 public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
            Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
            Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
        IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
        Uri referrer = target != null ? target.onProvideReferrer() : null;
        if (referrer != null) {
            intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REFERRER, referrer);
        }
        if (mActivityMonitors != null) {
            synchronized (mSync) {
                final int N = mActivityMonitors.size();
                for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
                    final ActivityMonitor am = mActivityMonitors.get(i);
                    ActivityResult result = null;
                    if (am.ignoreMatchingSpecificIntents()) {
                        result = am.onStartActivity(intent);
                    }
                    if (result != null) {
                        am.mHits++;
                        return result;
                    } else if (am.match(who, null, intent)) {
                        am.mHits++;
                        if (am.isBlocking()) {
                            return requestCode >= 0 ? am.getResult() : null;
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        try {
            intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
            intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(who);
            int result = ActivityManager.getService()
                .startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
                        intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
                        token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
                        requestCode, 0, null, options);
            checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
        }
        return null;
    }

代码很长，我们略过前面那些数据信息初始化过程，重点看启动过程，可以看出真正的实现是由ActivityManager.getService()的startActivity方法完成。ActivityManager.getService()返回的是一个IActivityManager,这个类由aidl文件生成，实质是一个Binder，实现类是ActivityManagerService，简称我们所说的AMS,它也是一个Binder。从ActivityManager的源码来看，AMS这个Binder是由一个单例类提供。从create()回调方法看，当前启动activity的binder对象通过ServiceManager提供，这个ServiceManager其实就是一个Binder连接池，根据缓存key返回各个组件对应的Binder,过程如下：

/**
     * @hide
     */
    public static IActivityManager getService() {
        return IActivityManagerSingleton.get();
    }

    private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> IActivityManagerSingleton =
            new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
                @Override
                protected IActivityManager create() {
                    final IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
                    final IActivityManager am = IActivityManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
                    return am;
                }
            };

由此看来，流程转移到AMS的startActivity()方法中，AMS的startActivity()又调用了startActivityAsUser()方法。从代码中看，又调用了ActivityStarter的startActivityMayWait()方法.

AMS的相关代码如下：

@Override
    public final int startActivity(IApplicationThre