这次我们接着上次讲的集合属性开始:
1. 配置Map属性
- Java.util.Map通过<map>标签定义,<map>标签里可以使用多个<entry>作为子标签,每个条目包含一个键和一个值
- 必须在<key>标签里定义键
- 因为键和值的类型没有限制,所以可以自由地为它们指定<value>,<ref>,<bean>或<null>元素
- 可以将Map的键和值作为<entry>的属性定义:简单常量使用key和value来定义;Bean引用通过key-ref和value-ref属性定义
- 使用<props>定义java.util.properties,该标签使用多个<prop>作为子标签,每个<prop>标签必须定义key属性
示例:
首先定义一个新类:NewPerson
package com.spring.beans.collection;
import com.spring.beans.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class NewPerson {
private String name;
private int age;
private Map<String, Car> cars;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Map<String, Car> getCars() {
return cars;
}
public void setCars(Map<String, Car> cars) {
this.cars = cars;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", cars=" + cars + "]";
}
public NewPerson(String name, int age, Map<String, Car> cars) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.cars = cars;
}
public NewPerson() {
}
}
配置Map属性:
<!-- 通过构造方法来配置bean的属性 -->
<bean id="car" class="com.spring.beans.Car">
<constructor-arg value="Audi" index="0"></constructor-arg>
<!-- 若字面值中包含特殊字符,可以使用<![CDATA[]]>把字面值包裹起来 -->
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value><![CDATA[<Shanghai>]]></value>
</constructor-arg>
<!-- 属性值也可以使用value直接点进行配置 -->
<constructor-arg type="int">
<value>3000</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 使用构造器注入属性值可以指定参数的位置和参数的类型!以区分重载的构造器 -->
<bean id="car2" class="com.spring.beans.Car">
<constructor-arg value="Audi" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="AShanghai" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="200" type="double"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 配置Map属性值 -->
<bean id = "newperson" class = "com.spring.beans.collection.NewPerson">
<property name = "name" value = "Rose"></property>
<property name = "age" value = "19"></property>
<property name = "cars">
<!-- 使用map节点及map的entry子节点配置Map类型的成员变量 -->
<map>
<entry key = "AA" value-ref = "car"></entry>
<entry key = "BB" value-ref = "car2"></entry>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
Main中使用:
package com.spring.beans.collection;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
NewPerson newPerson = (NewPerson) ctx.getBean("newperson");
System.out.println(newPerson);
}
}
1.2 配置properties属性:
新建DataSource类:
package com.spring.beans.collection;
import java.util.Properties;
public class DataSource {
private Properties properties;
public Properties getProperties() {
return properties;
}
public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DataSource [properties=" + properties + "]";
}
}
配置properties
<!-- 配置Properties属性值 -->
<bean id = "datasource" class = "com.spring.beans.collection.DataSource">
<property name = "properties">
<!-- 使用props和prop子节点来为Properties属性赋值 -->
<props>
<prop key = "user">root</prop>
<prop key = "psw">1234</prop>
<prop key = "jdbcurl">jdbc:mysql</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
Main中的代码:
package com.spring.beans.collection;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
DataSource dataSource = (DataSource) ctx.getBean("datasource");
System.out.println(dataSource);
}
}
2. 使用utility scheme定义集合
- 使用基本的集合标签定义集合时,不能将集合作为独立的Bean定义,导致其他Bean无法引用该集合,所以无法在不同Bean直接共享集合
- 可以使用 util schema里的集合标签定义独立的集合Bean,需要注意的是,必须在<beans>根元素里添加util schem标签。
在在xml配置util时需要映入新的命名空间:util。步骤如下:
先在xml文件编辑界面点击“Namespaces”:
在弹出页面选中util:
Xml文件配置如下:
<!-- 通过构造方法来配置bean的属性 -->
<bean id="car" class="com.spring.beans.Car">
<constructor-arg value="Audi" index="0"></constructor-arg>
<!-- 若字面值中包含特殊字符,可以使用<![CDATA[]]>把字面值包裹起来 -->
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value><![CDATA[<Shanghai>]]></value>
</constructor-arg>
<!-- 属性值也可以使用value直接点进行配置 -->
<constructor-arg type="int">
<value>3000</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 使用构造器注入属性值可以指定参数的位置和参数的类型!以区分重载的构造器 -->
<bean id="car2" class="com.spring.beans.Car">
<constructor-arg value="Audi" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="AShanghai" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="200" type="double"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 配置独立的集合bean,以供多个bean进行引用 需要导入util命名空间-->
<util:list id = "cars">
<ref bean = "car"/>
<ref bean = "car2"/>
</util:list>
<bean id = "person4" class = "com.spring.beans.collection.Person">
<property name="name" value="Jack"></property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
<property name="cars" ref="cars"></property>
</bean>
属性配置细节总的代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 配置bean
class:是一个全类名,通过反射的方法在IOC容器中创建Bean的实例。所以要求在Bean中有一个无参数的构造器
id:Bean的名称,标识容器中的bean,id唯一
-->
<bean id="helloworld" class="com.spring.beans.HelloWorld">
<property name="name" value="Spring"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 通过构造方法来配置bean的属性 -->
<bean id="car" class="com.spring.beans.Car">
<constructor-arg value="Audi" index="0"></constructor-arg>
<!-- 若字面值中包含特殊字符,可以使用<![CDATA[]]>把字面值包裹起来 -->
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value><![CDATA[<Shanghai>]]></value>
</constructor-arg>
<!-- 属性值也可以使用value直接点进行配置 -->
<constructor-arg type="int">
<value>3000</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 使用构造器注入属性值可以指定参数的位置和参数的类型!以区分重载的构造器 -->
<bean id="car2" class="com.spring.beans.Car">
<constructor-arg value="Audi" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="AShanghai" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="200" type="double"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id = "person" class = "com.spring.beans.Person">
<property name = "name" value = "Tom"></property>
<property name = "age" value = "24"></property>
<!-- 可以使用property的ref属性来建立bean之间的引用关系
<property name = "car" ref = "car2"></property>
-->
<!-- 内部Bean 不能被外部Bean引用-->
<property name="car">
<bean class="com.spring.beans.Car">
<constructor-arg value="Ford" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="Beijing" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="2000000" type="double"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id = "person2" class = "com.spring.beans.Person">
<constructor-arg value="Jerry"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="25"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg ref="car"></constructor-arg>
<!-- 测试赋值null
<constructor-arg ><null/></constructor-arg>
-->
<!-- 为级联属性赋值 属性需要先初始化后才能为级联属性赋值,否则会有异常-->
<property name = "car.price" value = "300000"></property>
<property name = "car.maxSpeed" value = "250"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 测试如何配置集合属性 -->
<bean id = "person3" class = "com.spring.beans.collection.Person">
<property name = "name" value = "Mike"></property>
<property name = "age" value = "18"></property>
<property name = "cars">
<!-- 使用list节点为list类型的属性赋值 -->
<list>
<ref bean = "car"/>
<ref bean = "car2"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置Map属性值 -->
<bean id = "newperson" class = "com.spring.beans.collection.NewPerson">
<property name = "name" value = "Rose"></property>
<property name = "age" value = "19"></property>
<property name = "cars">
<!-- 使用map节点及map的entry子节点配置Map类型的成员变量 -->
<map>
<entry key = "AA" value-ref = "car"></entry>
<entry key = "BB" value-ref = "car2"></entry>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置Properties属性值 -->
<bean id = "datasource" class = "com.spring.beans.collection.DataSource">
<property name = "properties">
<!-- 使用props和prop子节点来为Properties属性赋值 -->
<props>
<prop key = "user">root</prop>
<prop key = "psw">1234</prop>
<prop key = "jdbcurl">jdbc:mysql</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置独立的集合bean,以供多个bean进行引用 需要导入util命名空间-->
<util:list id = "cars">
<ref bean = "car"/>
<ref bean = "car2"/>
</util:list>
<bean id = "person4" class = "com.spring.beans.collection.Person">
<property name="name" value="Jack"></property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
<property name="cars" ref="cars"></property>
</bean>
</beans>