Java——异常处理

异常1: Error和Exception

常见的错误

package exception;

public class Demo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Demo1().a();
    }
    public  void a()
    {

    }
    public void b()
    {
        a();
    }
}

异常2: 捕获和抛出异常

package exception;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a=1;
        int b=0;

        System.out.println(a/b);
    }

}

出错
怎样捕获这个异常

package exception;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a=1;
        int b=0;

        try {//try监控区域
            System.out.println(a/b);
        }
        //捕获异常
        catch (ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("程序出现异常，变量b不能为0");
        }
        //最后处理，无论出现不出现异常都会执行
        finally {
            System.out.println("finally");
        }



    }

}

package exception;

import java.security.PublicKey;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a=1;
        int b=0;

        try {//try监控区域
            new Test().a();
        }
        //捕获异常 catch里面的Throwable是想要捕获的异常类型
        //Throwable是最高的异常类型
        catch (Throwable e)
        {
            System.out.println("程序出现异常，变量b不能为0");
        }
        //最后处理，无论出现不出现异常都会执行
        finally {
            System.out.println("finally");
        }




    }
        public void a()
        {b();}
        public  void b()
        {
            a();
        }
}

//多个异常捕获层层递进，由小到大范围
        catch (Error e)
        {
            System.out.println("程序出现异常，变量b不能为0");
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {}
        catch (Throwable e)
        { }

通过throw主动抛出异常

 try {//try监控区域
            if (b == 0) {
                throw new ArithmeticException();//主动抛出异常
            }

一般在方法里面用

 package exception;

import java.security.PublicKey;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Test test = new Test();
        test.test(1,0);
    }
    public void test(int a,int b)
    {
        if(b==0)
        {
            throw new ArithmeticException();
            //主动抛出异常

        }
        System.out.println(a/b);
    }
}

异常3: 自定义异常

package exception;

//自定义的异常类
public class MyException extends Exception {
    //传递数字>10抛出异常
    private int detail;

    public MyException(int a) {
        this.detail=a;
    }
}

//tostring：异常的打印信息

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MyException{" +
                "detail=" + detail +
                '}';
    }

测试类
test

package exception;

public class Test1 {
    //可能会存在异常的方法
    static void test(int a) throws MyException {

        if(a>10)
        {
            throw new MyException(a);//抛出异常
        }
        else
            System.out.println("ok");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            test(1);
        }catch (MyException e)
        {
            System.out.println("MyException=>"+e);
        }
    }
}

test里面值是1为ok
改成11，会走异常
MyException=>MyException{11}