python实现堆排序

堆排序实际上是利用堆的性质来进行排序的，要知道堆排序的原理我们首先一定要知道什么是堆。 
堆的定义： 
堆实际上是一棵完全二叉树。 
堆满足两个性质: 
1、堆的每一个父节点都大于（或小于）其子节点； 
2、堆的每个左子树和右子树也是一个堆。 
堆的分类： 
堆分为两类： 
1、最大堆（大顶堆）：堆的每个父节点都大于其孩子节点； 
2、最小堆（小顶堆）：堆的每个父节点都小于其孩子节点； 
 
堆的存储： 
一般都用数组来表示堆，i结点的父结点下标就为(i – 1) / 2。它的左右子结点下标分别为2 * i + 1和2 * i + 2。如下图所示： 
 
堆排序： 
由上面的介绍我们可以看出堆的第一个元素要么是最大值（大顶堆），要么是最小值（小顶堆），这样在排序的时候（假设共n个节点），直接将第一个元素和最后一个元素进行交换，然后从第一个元素开始进行向下调整至第n-1个元素。所以，如果需要升序，就建一个大堆，需要降序，就建一个小堆。 
堆排序的步骤分为三步: 
1、建堆（升序建大堆，降序建小堆）； 
2、交换数据； 
3、向下调整。 

假设我们现在要对数组arr[]={8,5,0,3,7,1,2}进行排序（降序）： 
首先要先建小堆： 

堆建好了下来就要开始排序了： 

现在这个数组就已经是有序的了。 

import random


def MAX_Heapify(heap, HeapSize, root):  # 在堆中做结构调整使得父节点的值大于子节点

    left = 2 * root + 1
    right = left + 1
    larger = root
    if left < HeapSize and heap[larger] < heap[left]:
        larger = left
    if right < HeapSize and heap[larger] < heap[right]:
        larger = right
    if larger != root:  # 如果做了堆调整则larger的值等于左节点或者右节点的，这个时候做对调值操作
        heap[larger], heap[root] = heap[root], heap[larger]
        MAX_Heapify(heap, HeapSize, larger)


def Build_MAX_Heap(heap):  # 构造一个堆，将堆中所有数据重新排序
    HeapSize = len(heap)  # 将堆的长度当独拿出来方便
    for i in range((HeapSize - 2) // 2, -1, -1):  # 从后往前出数
        MAX_Heapify(heap, HeapSize, i)


def HeapSort(heap):  # 将根节点取出与最后一位做对调，对前面len-1个节点继续进行对调整过程。
    Build_MAX_Heap(heap)
    for i in range(len(heap) - 1, -1, -1):
        heap[0], heap[i] = heap[i], heap[0]
        MAX_Heapify(heap, i, 0)
    return heap


if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = [30, 50, 57, 77, 62, 78, 94, 80, 84]
    print(a)
    HeapSort(a)
    print(a)
    b = [random.randint(1, 1000) for i in range(1000)]
    print(b)
    HeapSort(b)
    print(b)

 

结果：

D:\Anaconda\python.exe E:/pythonwork/python实现堆排序.py
[30, 50, 57, 77, 62, 78, 94, 80, 84]
[30, 50, 57, 62, 77, 78, 80, 84, 94]
[715, 292, 828, 229, 617, 540, 416, 388, 268, 973, 266, 351, 815, 532, 525, 435, 402, 654, 773, 92, 892, 727, 257, 161, 725, 538, 568, 933, 399, 901, 201, 662, 774, 664, 251, 823, 497, 511, 400, 84, 168, 320, 999, 136, 348, 496, 295, 107, 821, 946, 728, 497, 565, 167, 886, 819, 823, 467, 542, 517, 778, 990, 497, 901, 359, 70, 164, 230, 206, 278, 936, 921, 897, 874, 438, 952, 574, 764, 933, 234, 605, 464, 375, 211, 496, 13, 698, 759, 737, 363, 930, 662, 557, 295, 96, 849, 382, 138, 327, 872, 740, 889, 31, 724, 206, 997, 756, 502, 344, 186, 701, 107, 160, 246, 75, 432, 468, 78, 29, 648, 566, 792, 4, 687, 882, 311, 403, 826, 750, 274, 837, 59, 564, 433, 445, 145, 515, 789, 134, 166, 742, 269, 290, 45, 636, 201, 853, 526, 158, 5, 139, 851, 716, 79, 956, 256, 915, 713, 793, 531, 826, 142, 260, 552, 518, 757, 40, 255, 752, 366, 177, 619, 475, 886, 835, 954, 965, 805, 595, 124, 790, 568, 905, 847, 952, 716, 586, 34, 959, 710, 853, 86, 328, 907, 418, 826, 648, 986, 612, 92, 544, 317, 937, 121, 439, 580, 471, 572, 92, 291, 351, 719, 669, 824, 370, 258, 474, 642, 884, 137, 585, 952, 450, 518, 372, 892, 943, 688, 344, 56, 428, 561, 1, 388, 276, 617, 437, 528, 797, 190, 581, 515, 397, 182, 724, 904, 918, 61, 494, 261, 10, 392, 416, 874, 824, 928, 37, 185, 498, 414, 173, 174, 527, 560, 952, 43, 591, 304, 329, 714, 498, 48, 876, 580, 505, 864, 706, 601, 330, 476, 695, 566, 975, 194, 917, 504, 887, 867, 555, 599, 338, 858, 632, 209, 771, 410, 549, 308, 474, 378, 868, 871, 269, 783, 635, 21, 714, 429, 706, 467, 714, 633, 12, 90, 146, 717, 435, 752, 187, 550, 910, 667, 775, 781, 89, 257, 315, 990, 275, 349, 864, 919, 853, 542, 448, 756, 307, 230, 667, 267, 338, 513, 165, 747, 18, 359, 334, 203, 50, 245, 290, 250, 493, 480, 408, 720, 746, 104, 995, 75, 102, 117, 238, 698, 75, 868, 786, 825, 792, 895, 766, 577, 677, 711, 93, 841, 421, 400, 872, 178, 479, 43, 385, 619, 347, 653, 765, 691, 249, 525, 20, 928, 749, 933, 487, 463, 517, 156, 328, 182, 408, 896, 679, 69, 359, 261, 77, 646, 371, 478, 829, 57, 550, 669, 340, 436, 40, 965, 416, 542, 55, 757, 918, 333, 272, 55, 183, 604, 87, 331, 185, 73, 13, 182, 958, 493, 161, 905, 546, 314, 273, 52, 190, 404, 303, 269, 291, 424, 889, 48, 535, 393, 840, 11, 542, 539, 844, 300, 548, 504, 112, 713, 31, 937, 185, 216, 277, 577, 270, 731, 304, 293, 327, 442, 826, 470, 794, 224, 719, 935, 608, 814, 445, 536, 72, 273, 20, 110, 45, 342, 681, 436, 36, 587, 130, 858, 482, 521, 924, 210, 977, 506, 551, 928, 925, 36, 705, 698, 383, 661, 891, 126, 324, 666, 129, 779, 980, 177, 891, 461, 524, 50, 361, 504, 658, 590, 587, 372, 752, 100, 965, 556, 272, 860, 448, 440, 183, 178, 920, 497, 541, 918, 151, 821, 295, 814, 370, 401, 669, 127, 186, 704, 276, 33, 722, 12, 237, 981, 940, 233, 753, 278, 165, 910, 144, 574, 365, 334, 188, 964, 454, 768, 115, 89, 428, 133, 918, 514, 333, 464, 30, 809, 547, 861, 171, 43, 694, 848, 556, 690, 776, 523, 265, 3, 368, 20, 380, 964, 654, 69, 42, 780, 384, 936, 447, 296, 967, 694, 190, 632, 489, 27, 231, 61, 890, 623, 620, 228, 639, 757, 588, 52, 555, 41, 699, 385, 97, 188, 21, 515, 494, 713, 25, 532, 20, 146, 726, 627, 324, 237, 837, 45, 17, 718, 228, 933, 550, 765, 789, 281, 251, 964, 976, 169, 377, 310, 477, 658, 264, 740, 266, 707, 384, 63, 883, 946, 877, 944, 837, 78, 773, 482, 110, 112, 869, 437, 916, 409, 876, 410, 329, 394, 263, 267, 16, 775, 436, 993, 702, 920, 363, 502, 764, 939, 517, 733, 595, 821, 165, 280, 319, 391, 384, 486, 959, 224, 741, 526, 308, 94, 585, 243, 849, 925, 342, 511, 132, 705, 148, 984, 380, 891, 217, 149, 656, 886, 700, 874, 256, 607, 177, 28, 75, 752, 428, 471, 393, 673, 464, 588, 885, 418, 998, 820, 472, 456, 492, 151, 937, 767, 29, 559, 785, 221, 389, 424, 366, 739, 401, 46, 253, 126, 702, 870, 507, 7, 508, 43, 99, 929, 111, 56, 808, 12, 903, 753, 842, 951, 373, 537, 344, 374, 94, 620, 156, 963, 390, 887, 377, 338, 277, 133, 625, 235, 897, 613, 964, 157, 37, 567, 100, 244, 816, 296, 12, 604, 442, 570, 424, 178, 580, 610, 520, 966, 346, 227, 543, 7, 318, 768, 50, 65, 132, 1000, 67, 4, 174, 182, 923, 528, 780, 686, 452, 227, 35, 776, 353, 596, 474, 509, 985, 216, 557, 713, 366, 84, 85, 246, 283, 875, 736, 49, 296, 544, 463, 565, 430, 480, 689, 816, 650, 698, 118, 429, 114, 351, 391, 45, 167, 478, 759, 124, 569, 181, 100, 531, 608, 914, 132, 444, 533, 334, 982, 944, 937, 641, 92, 558, 913, 836, 374, 422, 719, 582, 425, 710, 146, 545, 814, 240, 482, 495, 991, 104, 399, 389, 57, 128, 79, 701, 744, 572, 267, 957, 232, 704, 176, 718, 890, 995, 538, 409, 530, 685, 392, 619, 127, 781, 113, 358, 183, 558, 48, 829, 951, 974, 388, 107, 707, 145, 274, 328, 270, 232, 685, 400, 838, 388, 767, 240, 990, 368, 757, 231, 68, 981, 402, 939, 224, 406, 124, 460, 633, 357, 656, 521, 858, 153, 576, 284, 185, 570, 77, 768, 838, 989, 986, 934, 262, 208, 351, 42, 893, 238, 584, 977, 418, 647, 780, 163, 200, 516, 676, 300, 104, 648, 224, 963, 208, 438]
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Process finished with exit code 0