Java多线程

1.创建线程的两种方式

1.1通过继承Thread，重写run方法

package com.yanzi.chapter1;

//第一种创建线程的方法：通过继承Thread，重写run方法
public class MyThread extends Thread{
	@Override
	public void run() {
		for(int i=0;i<1000;i++) {
			System.out.println("MyThread:"+i);
		}
	}
}

package com.yanzi.chapter1;

public class Demo01_CreateThred{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//获取当前线程
		Thread mainThread = Thread.currentThread();
				
		MyThread thread = new MyThread();
		//打印查看线程优先级
		System.out.println(thread.getPriority());
		//设置线程优先级，优先级范围为1~10,数字越大，优先级越高，默认为5（抢占式调度规则）
		mainThread.setPriority(10);		
		//开启线程
		thread.start();
		
		for(int i=0;i<10000;i++) {
			System.out.println("MainThread:"+i);
		}
	}
}

1.2多个线程的开启，线程命名，线程休眠，线程合并，守护线程，设置线程中止状态

package com.yanzi.chapter1;

//第一种创建线程的方法：通过继承Thread，重写run方法
public class MyThread extends Thread{
	public MyThread() {}
	
	public MyThread(String string) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		for(int i=0;i<10000;i++) {
			if(interrupted()) {
				System.out.println("释放资源！");
				break;
			}
			System.out.println(getName()+":"+i);
		}
	}
}

package com.yanzi.chapter1;

public class Demo02_Thread {	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		线程休眠2000毫秒，在这里暂停2秒
		//Thread.sleep(2000);
		
		MyThread t1 = new MyThread("线程1");
		//开启线程
		t1.start();
		
		//设置线程状态为中断状态，返回布尔值，在线程中进行判断操作
		t1.interrupt();
		
		//t1合并到当前线程，但t1仍会继续执行
		//t1.join();
		
		MyThread t2 = new MyThread("线程2");
		
		//设置守护线程，要在线程启用之前设置
		t2.setDaemon(true);
		
		t2.start();	
	}
}

1.3通过Runnable接口实现线程(优点是数据共享，继承方便）

package com.yanzi.chapter1;

public class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
	@Override
	public void run() {
		for(int i=0;i<1000;i++) {
			Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
			System.out.println(t.getName()+":"+i);
		}
	}
}

package com.yanzi.chapter1;

public class Demo03_CreateThreadMethod2 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		MyRunnable r = new MyRunnable();
		
		Thread t1 = new Thread(r,"线程1");
		t1.start();
		
		Thread t2 = new Thread(r,"线程2");
		t2.start();
	}
}

线程安全问题：锁

四个窗口卖票小案例：使用锁保证线程安全

package com.yanzi.chapter1;

public class Demo04_TicketSell {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		TicketRunnable tr = new TicketRunnable();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(tr,"售票点1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(tr,"售票点2");
		Thread t3 = new Thread(tr,"售票点3");
		Thread t4 = new Thread(tr,"售票点4");
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
		t4.start();
	}
}

package com.yanzi.chapter1;

public class TicketRunnable implements Runnable {
	private int count=100;
	//设置一个锁，要保证锁是同一个锁
	private Object lock = new Object();
	@Override
	public void run() {		
		while(true) {			
			synchronized (lock) {
				if(count>0) {
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"卖出"+count+"票");
					count--;
				}else {
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

另一种写法：

package com.yanzi.chapter1;

public class TicketRunnable implements Runnable {
	private int count=100;
	//设置一个锁，要保证锁是同一个锁
	private Object lock = new Object();
	@Override
	public void run() {		
		while(true) {			
			sellTicket();
		}
	}
	public synchronized void sellTicket() {
		if(count>0) {
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"卖出"+count+"票");
			count--;
		}
	}
}

第二种加锁的方式：ReentrantLock

package com.yanzi.chapter1;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TicketRunnable implements Runnable {
	private int count=100;
	//设置一个锁，要保证锁是同一个锁
	private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	@Override
	public void run() {		
		while(count>0) {			
			lock.lock();
			try {
				if(count>0) {
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"卖出"+count+"票");
					count--;
				}
			} finally{
				lock.unlock();
			}
			
		}
	}
}

死锁：多个线程同时被阻塞，他们中的一个或者全部都在等待资源被释放，由于线程被无限期的阻塞，因此程序不能正常中止。

解决死锁：拿钥匙的顺序保持一致即可。

线程组：

package com.yanzi.chapter1;

public class Demo08_ThreadGroup {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		MyRunnable r = new MyRunnable();
		//给线程组命名
		ThreadGroup tg = new ThreadGroup("我的线程组");		
		Thread t1 = new Thread(tg,r);		
		System.out.println(t1.getThreadGroup().getName());		
		t1.start();
	}
}

定时器：

package com.yanzi.chapter1;

import java.util.Timer;

public class Demo04_TicketSell {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Timer t =new Timer();
		t.schedule("要执行的任务", "延迟的时间");
		//取消定时器
		t.cancel();
	}
}