Android学习笔记—网络请求

1.HttpURLConnecttion

通过HttpURLConnection可以进行Http请求

HttpURLConnection的用法：

• 调用URL.openConnection得到URLConnection并转型为HttpURLConection
• 设置请求内容，比如请求方法为“GET”
• 使用connect()发送请求
• getResponseCode(),getInputStream()分别得到状态码和输入流
• 最后记得调用disconection()关闭连接

以下是代码实列：

public String httpRequest() throws IOException {
        StringBuilder result=new StringBuilder();
        URL url=new URL("http://apis.baidu.com/apistore/weatherservice/weather?citypinyin=shanghai");

        //发送网络请求
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        urlConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
        urlConnection.setRequestProperty("apikey",APIKEY);
        urlConnection.connect();
        int response=urlConnection.getResponseCode();

        //获取输入流
        InputStream in=urlConnection.getInputStream();
        BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in,"UTF-8"));

        //关闭连接
        urlConnection.disconnect();
        String data;

        //从输入流中读取出字符串
        while((data=reader.readLine())!=null){
            result.append(data);
            result.append("\r\n");
        }

        //关闭输入流
        reader.close();
        return result.toString();

    }

2.Json数据解析

 使用JSONObject和JSONArray解析

API：

JSONObject(String)，从string构造一个JSONObject，解析失败时抛出JSONException

JSONObject js=new JSONObject(jsonString);

JSONObject.get(String):Object 返回名字所映射的对象，如果没有则抛出JSONException

JSONObject.getJSONObject(String):JSONObject 返回名字所映射的JSONObject对象，如果没有则抛出JSONException

JSONObject.getJSONArray(String):JSONArray 返回名字所映射的JSONArray对象，如果没有则抛出JSONException

JSONObject.getXXX(String):XXX 返回名字所映射的基本数据类型，如果没有则抛出JSONException

代码：

 public static CityList[] getCityList(String jsString) throws JSONException {
        ArrayList<CityList> list=new ArrayList<>();
        //通过Json String创建JSONObject
        JSONObject jsObj=new JSONObject(jsString);
        if(jsObj.getInt("errNum")!=-1){
            //如果请求数据正确，则继续解析数据
            JSONArray js=jsObj.getJSONArray("retData");
            if (js!=null){

                JSONObject jsonObject;
                for(int i=0;i<js.length();i++){
                    try {
                        CityList city=new CityList();
                        jsonObject=js.getJSONObject(i);
                        city.setProvince_cn(jsonObject.getString("province_cn"));
                        city.setName_cn(jsonObject.getString("name_cn"));
                        city.setDistrict_cn(jsonObject.getString("district_cn"));
                        city.setName_en(jsonObject.getString("name_en"));
                        city.setArea_id(jsonObject.getString("area_id"));
                        list.add(city);
                    } catch (JSONException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                return  list.toArray(new CityList[list.size()]);
            }else return null;
        }else return null;

    }

Json数据：

{
  "errNum": 0,
  "errMsg": "success",
  "retData": [
    {
      "province_cn": "上海",
      "district_cn": "上海",
      "name_cn": "上海",
      "name_en": "shanghai",
      "area_id": "101020100"
    },
    {
      "province_cn": "上海",
      "district_cn": "上海",
      "name_cn": "闵行",
      "name_en": "minhang",
      "area_id": "101020200"
    },
    {
      "province_cn": "上海",
      "district_cn": "上海",
      "name_cn": "宝山",
      "name_en": "baoshan",
      "area_id": "101020300"
    }，.....

总的来说这种方式需要手动的一层层解析，而通过一些工具比如：Gson，fastjson等可以使解析过程变得更简单

使用GSON解析

API：

Gson.fromJson(String json,  Class<T> class):T  提供json数据和指定的类，将json解析为指定类的java对象

Gson.toJson(Object obj):String  将java对象解析为json

代码：

 Gson gson=new Gson();
 RequestData data=gson.fromJson(jsString,RequestData.class);

public class RequestData {
    private String errNum;
    private String errMsg;
    private WeatherData retData;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "WeatherInfo{" +
                "errNum='" + errNum + '\'' +
                ", errMsg='" + errMsg + '\'' +
                ", retData=" + retData +
                '}';
    }...

public class WeatherData {
    //如果域名与json数据不同时可以使用注解
    @SerializedName("city")
    private String cityName;
    private String pinyin;
    @SerializedName("citycode")
    private String cityCode;
    private String weather;
    private String date;
    private String time;
    @SerializedName("temp")
    private String tmp;
    private String l_tmp;
    private String h_tmp;


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "WeatherData{" +
                "cityName='" + cityName + '\'' +
                ", pinyin='" + pinyin + '\'' +
                ", cityCode='" + cityCode + '\'' +
                ", weather='" + weather + '\'' +
                ", date='" + date + '\'' +
                ", time='" + time + '\'' +
                ", tmp='" + tmp + '\'' +
                ", l_tmp='" + l_tmp + '\'' +
                ", h_tmp='" + h_tmp + '\'' +
                '}';
    }.....

json数据

{
  "errNum": 0,
  "errMsg": "success",
  "retData": {
    "city": "上海",
    "pinyin": "shanghai",
    "citycode": "101020100",
    "date": "16-08-28",
    "time": "18:00",
    "postCode": "200000",
    "longitude": 121.445,
    "latitude": 31.213,
    "altitude": "19",
    "weather": "多云",
    "temp": "22",
    "l_tmp": "22",
    "h_tmp": "30",
    "WD": "西北风",
    "WS": "3-4级(10~17km/h)",
    "sunrise": "05:28",
    "sunset": "18:22"
  }
}

Gson还支持更复杂json解析，官方使用说明Gson User Guide