Java多线程实战-实现多线程文件下载,支持断点续传、日志记录等功能

🏷️个人主页牵着猫散步的鼠鼠 

🏷️系列专栏Java全栈-专栏

🏷️个人学习笔记,若有缺误,欢迎评论区指正 

目录

前言

1 基础知识回顾

1.1 线程的创建和启动

1.2 线程池的使用

2.运行环境说明

3.核心模块实现

3.1下载线程的实现

3.2日志线程的实现

3.3相关工具类的实现

3.4核心业务实现

4.功能测试

总结


✨️本系列源码均已上传仓库 1321928757/Concurrent-MulThread-Demo(github.com)✨️

前言

在当今快节奏的数字时代,大文件的下载已经成为我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。然而,传统的单线程下载器在面临大文件时往往显得力不从心,下载速度缓慢,用户体验不佳。

老读者应该知道,我最近在研究Java多线程并发编程这一块的内容,故想要编写一个多线程下载工具,一是为了知识的落地实践,二是可以将这个工具运用到平时下载大文件的地方。

1 基础知识回顾

为了照顾一些新来的小伙伴,我这里简单讲解一下在Java中一些常用的多线程实现

1.1 线程的创建和启动

在Java中,线程可以通过以下几种方式创建和启动一个新的线程:

继承Thread类:自定义一个类,继承自Thread类,并重写run()方法。

创建线程对象并调用start()方法启动线程。

public class MyThread extends Thread {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        // 线程执行的代码
    }
}


实现Runnable接口:自定义一个类,实现Runnable接口,并重写run()方法。

创建Runnable对象,并将其传递给Thread对象,然后调用start()方法。

public class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        // 线程执行的代码
    }
}


使用ExecutorService:这是一个更高级的方式,用于管理线程池。本次的多线程下载器主要用的就是这种方式实现

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
executor.execute(new MyRunnable());

1.2 线程池的使用

线程池是一种管理线程的更高效的方式,可以避免频繁创建和销毁线程的开销。Java中使用ExecutorService接口来管理线程池。

固定大小的线程池:

创建一个固定大小的线程池,最多同时运行5个线程。

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);


单线程的Executor:

创建一个只有一个线程的线程池,所有任务按顺序执行。

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();


缓存线程池:
创建一个可以根据需要创建新线程的线程池,适合执行短期异步任务。

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();


计划任务的ScheduledExecutorService:
创建一个可以定时执行任务的线程池,适合执行周期性任务。

ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(new MyRunnable(), 0, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

在本次案例中,使用了Executors.newFixedThreadPool(DOWNLOAD_THREAD_NUM + 1)来创建一个固定大小的线程池,用于管理下载任务和日志线程。这种方式确保了线程的复用,并且能够有效地控制线程的数量。

2.运行环境说明

Maven依赖如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.wdbyte</groupId>
    <artifactId>down-bit</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <mainClass>com.wdbyte.downbit.DownloadMain</mainClass>
                        </manifest>
                    </archive>
                    <descriptorRefs>
                        <!-- 这个jar-with-dependencies是assembly预先写好的一个,组装描述引用 -->
                        <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                    </descriptorRefs>
                    <!--工程名-->
                    <finalName>${project.name}</finalName>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>make-assembly</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

 项目整体结构如下

3.核心模块实现

3.1下载线程的实现

/**
 * 多线程下载工具类
 * @author 牵着猫散步的鼠鼠-LiuShiJie
 */
public class DownloadThread implements Callable<Boolean> {

    /**
     * 每次读取的数据块大小
     */
    private static int BYTE_SIZE = 1024 * 100;
    /**
     * 下载链接
     */
    private String url;
    /**
     * 下载开始位置
     */
    private long startPos;
    /**
     * 要下载的文件区块大小
     */
    private Long endPos;
    /**
     * 标识多线程下载切分的第几部分
     */
    private Integer part;
    /**
     * 文件总大小
     */
    private Long contentLenth;

    public DownloadThread(String url, long startPos, Long endPos, Integer part, Long contentLenth) {
        this.url = url;
        this.startPos = startPos;
        this.endPos = endPos;
        this.part = part;
        this.contentLenth = contentLenth;
    }

    @Override
    public Boolean call() throws Exception {
        if (url == null || url.trim() == "") {
            throw new RuntimeException("下载路径不正确");
        }

        // 文件名
        String httpFileName = HttpUtls.getHttpFileName(url);
        if (part != null) {
            httpFileName = httpFileName + DownloadMain.FILE_TEMP_SUFFIX + part;
        }

        // 本地文件大小
        Long localFileContentLength = FileUtils.getFileContentLength(httpFileName);
        LogThread.LOCAL_FINISH_SIZE.addAndGet(localFileContentLength);
        if (localFileContentLength >= endPos - startPos) {
            LogUtils.info("{} 已经下载完毕,无需重复下载", httpFileName);
            LogThread.DOWNLOAD_FINISH_THREAD.addAndGet(1);
            return true;
        }
        if (endPos.equals(contentLenth)) {
            endPos = null;
        }

        HttpURLConnection httpUrlConnection = HttpUtls.getHttpUrlConnection(url, startPos + localFileContentLength, endPos);
        // 获得输入流
        try (InputStream input = httpUrlConnection.getInputStream(); BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(input);
             RandomAccessFile oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile(httpFileName, "rw")) {
            oSavedFile.seek(localFileContentLength);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[BYTE_SIZE];
            int len = -1;
            // 读到文件末尾则返回-1
            while ((len = bis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                oSavedFile.write(buffer, 0, len);
                LogThread.DOWNLOAD_SIZE.addAndGet(len);
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            LogUtils.error("ERROR! 要下载的文件路径不存在 {} ", url);
            return false;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            LogUtils.error("下载出现异常");
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        } finally {
            httpUrlConnection.disconnect();
            LogThread.DOWNLOAD_FINISH_THREAD.addAndGet(1);
        }
        return true;
    }

}

3.2日志线程的实现

/**
 * 多线程下载日志记录
 * @author 牵着猫散步的鼠鼠-LiuShiJie
 */
public class LogThread implements Callable<Boolean> {

    // 本地下载的文件大小
    public static AtomicLong LOCAL_FINISH_SIZE = new AtomicLong();
    // 已经下载的文件大小
    public static AtomicLong DOWNLOAD_SIZE = new AtomicLong();
    // 下载完成的线程数
    public static AtomicLong DOWNLOAD_FINISH_THREAD = new AtomicLong();
    // 待下载的文件总大小
    private long httpFileContentLength;

    public LogThread(long httpFileContentLength) {
        this.httpFileContentLength = httpFileContentLength;
    }

    @Override
    public Boolean call() throws Exception {
        int[] downSizeArr = new int[5];
        int i = 0;
        double size = 0;
        double mb = 1024d * 1024d;
        // 文件总大小
        String httpFileSize = String.format("%.2f", httpFileContentLength / mb);
        while (DOWNLOAD_FINISH_THREAD.get() != DownloadMain.DOWNLOAD_THREAD_NUM) {
            double downloadSize = DOWNLOAD_SIZE.get();
            downSizeArr[++i % 5] = Double.valueOf(downloadSize - size).intValue();
            size = downloadSize;

            // 每秒速度
            double fiveSecDownloadSize = Arrays.stream(downSizeArr).sum();
            int speed = (int)((fiveSecDownloadSize / 1024d) / (i < 5d ? i : 5d));

            // 剩余时间
            double surplusSize = httpFileContentLength - downloadSize - LOCAL_FINISH_SIZE.get();
            String surplusTime = String.format("%.1f", surplusSize / 1024d / speed);
            if (surplusTime.equals("Infinity")) {
                surplusTime = "-";
            }

            // 已下大小
            String currentFileSize = String.format("%.2f", downloadSize / mb + LOCAL_FINISH_SIZE.get() / mb);
            String speedLog = String.format("> 已下载 %smb/%smb,速度 %skb/s,剩余时间 %ss", currentFileSize, httpFileSize, speed, surplusTime);
            System.out.print("\r");
            System.out.print(speedLog);

            // 一秒更新一次日志
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        }
        System.out.println();
        return true;
    }

}

3.3相关工具类的实现

文件操作工具类FileUtils ,主要用来获取文件大小长度

public class FileUtils {

    /**
     * 获取文件内容长度
     *
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    public static long getFileContentLength(String name) {
        File file = new File(name);
        return file.exists() && file.isFile() ? file.length() : 0;
    }

}

 网络请求操作工具类HttpUtls,主要是一些常用的Http操作

/**
 * 网络请求操作工具类
 * @author 牵着猫散步的鼠鼠-LiuShiJie
 */
public class HttpUtls {

    /**
     * 获取 HTTP 链接
     *
     * @param url
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static HttpURLConnection getHttpUrlConnection(String url) throws IOException {
        URL httpUrl = new URL(url);
        HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)httpUrl.openConnection();
        httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.116 Safari/537.36");
        return httpConnection;
    }

    /**
     * 获取 HTTP 链接
     *
     * @param url
     * @param start
     * @param end
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static HttpURLConnection getHttpUrlConnection(String url, long start, Long end) throws IOException {
        HttpURLConnection httpUrlConnection = getHttpUrlConnection(url);
        LogUtils.debug("此线程下载内容区间 {}-{}", start, end);
        if (end != null) {
            httpUrlConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE", "bytes=" + start + "-" + end);
        } else {
            httpUrlConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE", "bytes=" + start + "-");
        }
        Map<String, List<String>> headerFields = httpUrlConnection.getHeaderFields();
        for (String s : headerFields.keySet()) {
            LogUtils.debug("此线程相应头{}:{}", s, headerFields.get(s));
        }
        return httpUrlConnection;
    }

    /**
     * 获取网络文件大小 bytes
     *
     * @param url
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static long getHttpFileContentLength(String url) throws IOException {
        HttpURLConnection httpUrlConnection = getHttpUrlConnection(url);
        int contentLength = httpUrlConnection.getContentLength();
        httpUrlConnection.disconnect();
        return contentLength;
    }

    /**
     * 获取网络文件 Etag
     *
     * @param url
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String getHttpFileEtag(String url) throws IOException {
        HttpURLConnection httpUrlConnection = getHttpUrlConnection(url);
        Map<String, List<String>> headerFields = httpUrlConnection.getHeaderFields();
        List<String> eTagList = headerFields.get("ETag");
        httpUrlConnection.disconnect();
        return eTagList.get(0);
    }

    /**
     * 获取网络文件名
     *
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public static String getHttpFileName(String url) {
        int indexOf = url.lastIndexOf("/");
        return url.substring(indexOf + 1);
    }
}

日志工具类LogUtils ,主要负责日志格式化输出

/**
 * 日志工具类,输出日志
 * @author 牵着猫散步的鼠鼠-LiuShiJie
 */
public class LogUtils {

    public static boolean DEBUG = false;

    static DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");

    public static void info(String msg, Object... arg) {
        print(msg, " -INFO- ", arg);
    }

    public static void error(String msg, Object... arg) {
        print(msg, " -ERROR-", arg);
    }

    public static void debug(String msg, Object... arg) {
        if (DEBUG) { print(msg, " -DEBUG-", arg); }
    }

    private static void print(String msg, String level, Object... arg) {
        if (arg != null && arg.length > 0) {
            msg = String.format(msg.replace("{}", "%s"), arg);
        }
        String thread = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        System.out.println(LocalDateTime.now().format(dateTimeFormatter) + " " + thread + level + msg);
    }
}

 迅雷链接转换工具类ThunderUtils ,迅雷链接与普通链接不同,需要转换

/**
 * 迅雷链接转换工具
 * @author 牵着猫散步的鼠鼠-LiuShiJie
 */
public class ThunderUtils {

    private static String THUNDER = "thunder://";

    /**
     * 判断是否是迅雷链接
     *
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean isThunderLink(String url) {
        return url.startsWith(THUNDER);
    }

    /**
     * 转换成 HTTP URL
     *
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public static String toHttpUrl(String url) {
        if (!isThunderLink(url)) {
            return url;
        }
        LogUtils.info("当前链接是迅雷链接,开始转换...");
        url = url.replaceFirst(THUNDER, "");
        try {
            // base 64 转换
            url = new String(Base64.getDecoder().decode(url.getBytes()), "UTF-8");
            // url 解码
            url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 去头去尾
        if (url.startsWith("AA")) {
            url = url.substring(2);
        }
        if (url.endsWith("ZZ")) {
            url = url.substring(0, url.length() - 2);
        }
        LogUtils.info("当前链接是迅雷链接,转换结果:{}", url);
        return url;
    }
}

3.4核心业务实现

/**
 * 多线程下载
 * 断点续传下载 demo
 * @author 牵着猫散步的鼠鼠-LiuShiJie
 */
public class DownloadMain {
    // 下载线程数量
    public static int DOWNLOAD_THREAD_NUM = 5;
    // 下载线程池
    private static ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(DOWNLOAD_THREAD_NUM + 1);
    // 临时文件后缀
    public static String FILE_TEMP_SUFFIX = ".temp";

    // 支持的 URL 协议
    private static HashSet<String> PROTOCAL_SET = new HashSet();

    static {
        PROTOCAL_SET.add("thunder://");
        PROTOCAL_SET.add("http://");
        PROTOCAL_SET.add("https://");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要下载的链接:");
        String url = scanner.nextLine();
        long count = PROTOCAL_SET.stream().filter(prefix -> url.startsWith(prefix)).count();
        if (count == 0) {
            LogUtils.info("不支持的协议类型");
            return;
        }
        LogUtils.info("要下载的链接是:{}", url);
        new DownloadMain().download(ThunderUtils.toHttpUrl(url));
    }

    public void download(String url) throws Exception {
        String fileName = HttpUtls.getHttpFileName(url);
        long localFileSize = FileUtils.getFileContentLength(fileName);
        // 获取网络文件具体大小
        long httpFileContentLength = HttpUtls.getHttpFileContentLength(url);
        if (localFileSize >= httpFileContentLength) {
            LogUtils.info("{}已经下载完毕,无需重新下载", fileName);
            return;
        }
        List<Future<Boolean>> futureList = new ArrayList<>();
        if (localFileSize > 0) {
            LogUtils.info("开始断点续传 {}", fileName);
        } else {
            LogUtils.info("开始下载文件 {}", fileName);
        }
        LogUtils.info("开始下载时间 {}", LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss")));
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        // 任务切分
        splitDownload(url, futureList);
        LogThread logThread = new LogThread(httpFileContentLength);
        Future<Boolean> future = executor.submit(logThread);
        futureList.add(future);
        // 开始下载
        for (Future<Boolean> booleanFuture : futureList) {
            booleanFuture.get();
        }
        LogUtils.info("文件下载完毕 {},本次下载耗时:{}", fileName, (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000 + "s");
        LogUtils.info("结束下载时间 {}", LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss")));
        // 文件合并
        boolean merge = merge(fileName);
        if (merge) {
            // 清理分段文件
            clearTemp(fileName);
        }
        LogUtils.info("本次文件下载结束,下载位置为" + fileName);
        System.exit(0);
    }

    /**
     * 切分下载任务到多个线程
     *
     * @param url
     * @param futureList
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void splitDownload(String url, List<Future<Boolean>> futureList) throws IOException {
        long httpFileContentLength = HttpUtls.getHttpFileContentLength(url);
        // 任务切分
        long size = httpFileContentLength / DOWNLOAD_THREAD_NUM;
        long lastSize = httpFileContentLength - (httpFileContentLength / DOWNLOAD_THREAD_NUM * (DOWNLOAD_THREAD_NUM - 1));
        for (int i = 0; i < DOWNLOAD_THREAD_NUM; i++) {
            long start = i * size;
            Long downloadWindow = (i == DOWNLOAD_THREAD_NUM - 1) ? lastSize : size;
            Long end = start + downloadWindow;
            if (start != 0) {
                start++;
            }
            DownloadThread downloadThread = new DownloadThread(url, start, end, i, httpFileContentLength);
            Future<Boolean> future = executor.submit(downloadThread);
            futureList.add(future);
        }
    }

    public boolean merge(String fileName) throws IOException {
        LogUtils.info("开始合并文件 {}", fileName);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 10];
        int len = -1;
        try (RandomAccessFile oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile(fileName, "rw")) {
            for (int i = 0; i < DOWNLOAD_THREAD_NUM; i++) {
                try (BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(
                    new FileInputStream(fileName + FILE_TEMP_SUFFIX + i))) {
                    while ((len = bis.read(buffer)) != -1) { // 读到文件末尾则返回-1
                        oSavedFile.write(buffer, 0, len);
                    }
                }
            }
            LogUtils.info("文件合并完毕 {}", fileName);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    public boolean clearTemp(String fileName) {
        LogUtils.info("开始清理临时文件 {}{}0-{}", fileName, FILE_TEMP_SUFFIX, (DOWNLOAD_THREAD_NUM - 1));
        for (int i = 0; i < DOWNLOAD_THREAD_NUM; i++) {
            File file = new File(fileName + FILE_TEMP_SUFFIX + i);
            file.delete();
        }
        LogUtils.info("临时文件清理完毕 {}{}0-{}", fileName, FILE_TEMP_SUFFIX, (DOWNLOAD_THREAD_NUM - 1));
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 使用CheckedInputStream计算CRC
     */
    public static Long getCRC32(String filepath) throws IOException {
        InputStream inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filepath));
        CRC32 crc = new CRC32();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int cnt;
        while ((cnt = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
            crc.update(bytes, 0, cnt);
        }
        inputStream.close();
        return crc.getValue();
    }

}

4.功能测试

启动main程序,输入下载链接,我们这里使用腾讯QQ安装包的CDN链接(https://dldir1.qq.com/qqfile/qq/PCQQ9.7.17/QQ9.7.17.29225.exe)来测试下载功能

文件下载成功,在项目上级目录文件完整,能够正常使用 

总结

本文通过详细解析一个多线程下载器的实现,深入探讨了Java多线程编程的基础知识、工具类的使用以及核心模块的实现。我们学习了如何创建和启动线程、线程的同步和互斥、以及线程池的使用,这些都是多线程下载器的基础。同时,我们了解了如何使用Java的标准库来实现文件操作、网络请求、日志记录等功能。

希望文章对您的学习有帮助,有时间会继续出Java并发编程相关的内容~

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JAVA多线程实现断点续传的思路如下: 1. 将大文件均分成几块,每个线程负责处理一块数据的读取和写入。 2. 每次写入数据时,更新记录日志文件,记录已经传输的字节数或块数。 3. 当断网或暂停后重新开始传输时,根据日志文件的信息,可以接着读取和写入数据,而不需要从头开始传输。 以下是一个JAVA多线程实现断点续传的示例代码: ```java import java.io.*; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class FileTransfer { private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 4; // 线程数量 private static final String LOG_FILE = "transfer.log"; // 日志文件名 private static final String SOURCE_FILE = "source.txt"; // 源文件名 private static final String TARGET_FILE = "target.txt"; // 目标文件名 public static void main(String[] args) { // 读取日志文件,获取已传输的字节数 long transferredBytes = readLogFile(); // 创建线程池 ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(THREAD_COUNT); // 计算每个线程需要处理的字节数 long blockSize = new File(SOURCE_FILE).length() / THREAD_COUNT; // 创建并执行线程 for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_COUNT; i++) { long start = i * blockSize + transferredBytes; long end = (i + 1) * blockSize - 1; if (i == THREAD_COUNT - 1) { end = new File(SOURCE_FILE).length() - 1; } executorService.execute(new TransferThread(i, start, end)); } // 关闭线程池 executorService.shutdown(); } private static long readLogFile() { long transferredBytes = 0; try { File logFile = new File(LOG_FILE); if (logFile.exists()) { BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(logFile)); String line; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { transferredBytes += Long.parseLong(line); } reader.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return transferredBytes; } private static void writeLogFile(long transferredBytes) { try { BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(LOG_FILE, true)); writer.write(String.valueOf(transferredBytes)); writer.newLine(); writer.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private static class TransferThread implements Runnable { private int threadId; private long start; private long end; public TransferThread(int threadId, long start, long end) { this.threadId = threadId; this.start = start; this.end = end; } @Override public void run() { try { RandomAccessFile sourceFile = new RandomAccessFile(SOURCE_FILE, "r"); RandomAccessFile targetFile = new RandomAccessFile(TARGET_FILE, "rw"); sourceFile.seek(start); targetFile.seek(start); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int bytesRead; long transferredBytes = 0; while ((bytesRead = sourceFile.read(buffer)) != -1 && sourceFile.getFilePointer() <= end) { targetFile.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); transferredBytes += bytesRead; } writeLogFile(transferredBytes); sourceFile.close(); targetFile.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } ```

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