GUI编程
简聊
阅读完此文之后我们将会知道
- 这是什么?
- 它怎么玩?
- 该如何去在我们平时运用?
组件
- 窗口
- 弹窗
- 面板
- 文本框
- 列表框
- 按钮
- 图片
- 监听事件
- 鼠标
- 键盘事件
- 破解工具
1、简介
GUI的核心技术:Swing
AWT
- 因为界面不美观
- 需要jre环境!
为什么我们要学习?
- 可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具
- 工作时候,也可能需要维护到swing界面,概率极小!
- 了解MVC架构,了解监听!
2、AWT
2.1、AWT介绍
包含了很多类和接口!
GUI
:图形用户界面元素:窗口,按钮,文本框
java.awt
2.2、组件和容器
1、Frame
package com.xiaoye.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Frame,JDK, 看源码!
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");
//需要设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小 w h
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置背景颜色 Color
frame.setBackground(new Color(88, 190, 120));
//弹出的基础位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//设置窗口大小固定true:可以改变 false:不能改变
frame.setResizable(false);
}
}
问题
:发现窗口关闭不掉,停止java程序!
回顾封装
package com.xiaoye.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多个窗口 new
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.pink);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.white);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id = 0;//可能存在多个窗口,我们需要一个计数器
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("MyFrame"+(++id));
setBackground(color);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(x,y,w,h);//同时设置窗口的大小宽高
}
}
2、面板Panel
解决了关闭
事件!
package com.xiaoye.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//Panel 可以看成是一个空间,但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//布局的概念
Panel panel = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//坐标
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(59, 255, 0));
//panel设置坐标,相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(255, 0, 0));
//frame
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
//适配器模式:
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
2.3、布局管理器
- 流式布局
package com.xiaoye.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//组件-按钮
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
//设置为流式布局
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
frame.setSize(200,200);
//把按钮添加上去
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
- 东西南北中
package com.xiaoye.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west = new Button("West");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button north = new Button("North");
Button center = new Button("Center");
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(200,200);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
- 表格布局 Grid
package com.xiaoye.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.pack();//Java函数!自动把布局选择一个最优秀的位置来确定
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
练习:
分析
过程:
代码实现
:
package com.xiaoye.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//练习的Demo讲解(学习总结)
public class ExDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//总 Frame
Frame frame = new Frame("小野");//窗体名
frame.setSize(400,300);//窗体宽高
frame.setLocation(760,390);//窗体弹出位置(分辨率1920*1080)居中
frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);//窗体背景颜色
frame.setVisible(true);//窗体可见性
frame.setResizable(false);//窗体大小不可变
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));//把窗体设置为流式布局且里面放一个2行1列的表格布局(分为上下两部分)
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {//监听窗体并设置关闭事件
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
//上面面板
Panel panel1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());//创建上面部分的面板并设置 东南西北中 的布局
Panel panel2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));//创建上面部分的中间部分的面板并设置为2行1列的表格布局
panel1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);//添加按钮并设置 东南西北中 布局为左边
panel1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);//添加按钮并设置 东南西北中 布局为右边
//给中间的面板2添加按钮内容
panel2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
panel2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
panel1.add(panel2,BorderLayout.CENTER);//把面板2添加到面板1里并设置 东南西北中 布局为中间
//下面面板
Panel panel3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());//创建下面部分的面板并设置 东南西北中 的布局
Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));//创建下面部分的中间部分的面板并设置为2行2列的表格布局
panel3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);//添加按钮并设置 东南西北中 布局为左边
panel3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);//添加按钮并设置 东南西北中 布局为右边
for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
panel4.add(new Button("for-"+i));//通过循环把四个按钮添加进面板4
}
panel3.add(panel4,BorderLayout.CENTER);//把面板4添加到面板3里并设置 东南西北中 布局为中间
//把面板1、3添加到窗体里(创建面板的时候设置了2行1列的表格布局所以是上下分布)
frame.add(panel1);
frame.add(panel3);
}
}
总结:
- Frame是一个顶级窗口
- Panel无法单独显示,必须添加到某个容器中
- 布局管理器
- 流式
- 东西南北中
- 表格
- 大小,定位,背景颜色,可见性,监听!
2.4、事件监听
事件监听:当某个事情发生的时候,干什么?
package com.xiaoye.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//按下按钮,触发一些事件
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button("按钮aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");
//因为addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();//自适应
WindowClose(frame);//关闭窗体
frame.setVisible(true);
}
//关闭窗体的事件
private static void WindowClose(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("aaa");
}
}
多个按钮,共享一个事件
package com.xiaoye.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestActionTwo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//两个按钮,实现同一个监听
//开始 停止
Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
//可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令,如果不显示定义,则会走默认的值!
//可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("按钮被点击了:msg=> "+e.getActionCommand());
}
}
2.5、输入框 TextField监听
2.6、简易计算器,组合+内部类回顾!
oop原则
:组合,大于继承!
package com.xiaoye.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
public Calculator(){
//3 个文本框
TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数
TextField num2 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数
TextField num3 = new TextField(20);//最大字符数
//1 个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
//1 个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());//流式布局
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取三个变量
private TextField num1,num2,num3;
public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3) {
this.num1 = num1;
this.num2 = num2;
this.num3 = num3;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获得加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2.将这个值 + 法运算后,放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));//要String值,加个""直接暴力转
//3.清楚前两个框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
完全改造为面向对象写法
package com.xiaoye.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//简易计算器(优化后)
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
num1 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数
num2 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数
num3 = new TextField(20);//最大字符数
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());//流式布局
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取计算器这个对象,在一个类中组合另外一个类;
Calculator calculator = null;
public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
this.calculator = calculator;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获得加数和被加数
//2.将这个值 + 法运算后,放到第三个框
//3.清楚前两个框
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
calculator.num1.setText("");
calculator.num2.setText("");
}
}
内部类:
- 更好的包装
package com.xiaoye.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//简易计算器(优化后Plus)
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
num1 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数
num2 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数
num3 = new TextField(20);//最大字符数
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());//流式布局
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
//监听器类
//内部类的最大好处,就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部类的属性和方法!
private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获得加数和被加数
//2.将这个值 + 法运算后,放到第三个框
//3.清楚前两个框
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
}
2.7、画笔
package com.xiaoye.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,600,500);
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画笔,需要有颜色,画笔可以画画
//g.setColor(Color.RED);
//g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心的圆
//g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);
//养成习惯,画笔用完,将他还原到最初的颜色
}
}
2.8、鼠标监听
目的:想要实现鼠标画画!
package com.xiaoye.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画图");
}
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame{
//画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储这个点
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title){
super(title);
setBounds(200,200,400,300);
//存鼠标点击的点
points = new ArrayList<>();
setVisible(true);
//鼠标监听器,针对这个窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画画,监听鼠标的事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
//适配器模式
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
//鼠标 按下,弹起,按住不放
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
//这个我们点击的时候,就会在界面上产生一个点!
//这个点就是鼠标的点;
points.add(e.getPoint());
//每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
frame.repaint();//刷新
}
}
}
2.9、窗口监听
package com.xiaoye.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame {
public WindowFrame() {
setBackground(Color.BLUE);
setBounds(100, 100, 100, 100);
setVisible(true);
//addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
this.addWindowListener(
//匿名内部类
new WindowAdapter() {
//关闭窗口
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("点击了×");
}
//激活窗口
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
source.setTitle("被激活 了");
System.out.println("获得焦点");
}
@Override
public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("失去焦点");
}
}
);
}
}
2.10、键盘监听
package com.xiaoye.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame {
public KeyFrame() {
setBounds(1, 2, 300, 400);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
//键盘按下
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//获得键盘按下的键是哪一个,当前键的码
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//不需要去记住这个数值,直接使用静态属性 VK_XXX
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
System.out.println("按下了上键");
}
//根据按下不同的操作,产生不同结果
System.out.println(KeyEvent.getKeyText(keyCode));
}
});
}
}
3、Swing
3.1、窗口、面板
package com.xiaoye.lesson04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo {
//init(); 初始化
public void init() {
//顶级窗口
JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
jf.setVisible(true);
jf.setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
jf.setBackground(Color.cyan);
//设置文字 Jlabel
JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到英雄联盟");
jf.add(label);
//关闭事件
jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立一个窗口
}
}
标签居中
package com.xiaoye.lesson04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyJFrame().init();
}
}
class MyJFrame extends JFrame{
public void init(){
this.setBounds(10,10,200,300);
this.setVisible(true);
JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到英雄联盟");
this.add(label);
//让文本标签居中 设置水平对齐
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
//获得一个容器
Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
contentPane.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);
}
}
3.2、弹窗
JDialog:用来被弹出,默认就有关闭事件!
package com.xiaoye.lesson04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
public DialogDemo(){
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(700,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//JFrame 放东西,容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//绝对布局
container.setLayout(null);
//按钮
JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");//创建
button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
//点击这个按钮的时候,弹出一个弹窗
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {//监听器
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//弹窗
new MyDialogDemo();
}
});
container.add(button);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo();
}
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
public MyDialogDemo() {
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
//this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(null);
JLabel label = new JLabel("小野带你学Java");
label.setBounds(10,10,300,300);
container.add(label);
}
}
3.3、标签
label
new JLabel("xxx");
图标ICON
package com.xiaoye.lesson04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//图标,需要实现类,Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
private int width;
private int height;
public IconDemo(){} //无参构造
public IconDemo(int width, int height){
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public void init(){
IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
//图标放在标签上,也可以放在按钮上!
JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(jLabel);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new IconDemo().init();
}
@Override
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
}
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
return this.width;
}
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
return this.height;
}
}
图片Icon
package com.xiaoye.lesson04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
public ImageIconDemo(){
//获取图片的地址
JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("tx.jpeg");
ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);//命名不要冲突了
label.setIcon(imageIcon);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(label);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ImageIconDemo();
}
}
3.4、面板
JPanel
package com.xiaoye.lesson05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
public JPanelDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面的参数的意思,间距
JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1));
JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));
panel1.add(new Button("1"));
panel1.add(new Button("1"));
panel1.add(new Button("1"));
panel2.add(new Button("2"));
panel2.add(new Button("2"));
panel3.add(new Button("3"));
panel3.add(new Button("3"));
panel4.add(new Button("4"));
panel4.add(new Button("4"));
panel4.add(new Button("4"));
panel4.add(new Button("4"));
panel4.add(new Button("4"));
panel4.add(new Button("4"));
container.add(panel1);
container.add(panel2);
container.add(panel3);
container.add(panel4);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo();
}
}
JScrollPanel
package com.xiaoye.lesson05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,50);
textArea.setText("欢迎学习GUI");
//JScroll面板 (滚动条)
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
3.5、按钮
图片按钮
package com.xiaoye.lesson05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo01(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("tx.jpeg");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
//把这个图标放在按钮上
JButton button = new JButton();
button.setIcon(icon);
button.setToolTipText("这是图片按钮");//鼠标悬浮在上时的提示文本
//add
container.add(button);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo01();
}
}
单选按钮
package com.xiaoye.lesson05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame{
public JButtonDemo02(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("tx.jpeg");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
//单选框
JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01");
JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02");
JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03");
//由于单选框只能选择一个,分组,一个组中只能选择一个
ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
group.add(radioButton1);
group.add(radioButton2);
group.add(radioButton3);
container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo02();
}
}
复选按钮
package com.xiaoye.lesson05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame{
public JButtonDemo03(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("tx.jpeg");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
//多选框
JCheckBox checkBox01 = new JCheckBox("checkBox01");
JCheckBox checkBox02 = new JCheckBox("checkBox02");
container.add(checkBox01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(checkBox02,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo03();
}
}
3.6、列表
-
下拉框
package com.xiaoye.lesson06; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame { public TestComboboxDemo01(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); JComboBox status = new JComboBox(); status.addItem(null); status.addItem("正在热映"); status.addItem("已下架"); status.addItem("即将上映"); container.add(status); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestComboboxDemo01(); } }
-
列表框
package com.xiaoye.lesson06; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.util.Vector; public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame { public TestComboboxDemo02(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //生成列表的内容 //String[] contents = {"1","2","3"}; Vector contents = new Vector();//线程安全,效率低 //列表中需要放人内容 JList list = new JList(contents); contents.add("张三"); contents.add("李四"); contents.add("王五"); container.add(list); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestComboboxDemo02(); } }
应用场景
- 选择地区,或者一些单个选项
- 列表,展示信息,一般是动态扩容!
3.7、文本框
-
文本框
package com.xiaoye.lesson06; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.util.Vector; public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame { public TestTextDemo01(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); JTextField textField = new JTextField("Hello"); JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("World",20); container.add(textField,BorderLayout.NORTH); container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestTextDemo01(); } }
-
密码框
package com.xiaoye.lesson06; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class TestTextDemo02 extends JFrame { public TestTextDemo02(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //面板 JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();//**** passwordField.setEchoChar('*'); container.add(passwordField); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestTextDemo02(); } }
-
文本域
package com.xiaoye.lesson05; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame { public JScrollDemo(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //文本域 JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,50); textArea.setText("欢迎学习GUI"); //JScroll面板 (滚动条) JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea); container.add(scrollPane); this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(100,100,300,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JScrollDemo(); } }
实际开发过程中,将有可能会用到更多组件。具体可以面向百度编程😁
贪吃蛇
由于文件过多这里不方便展示所以已经打包,可以点击下方链接前往下载
贪吃蛇源码下载
了解 “帧”
简单地说,帧数就是在1秒钟时间里传输的图片的帧数,也可以理解为图形处理器每秒钟能够刷新几次,它的单位通常用FPS(Frames Per Second)表示
帧,如果时间片足够小,就是动画,一秒30帧 60帧。连起来是动画,拆开就是静态的图片!
主要用到:
- 键盘监听
- 定时器 Timer
希望文章能够给你带来帮助,或者一些思考。
如果你看完后觉得不错,那就别忘了“点赞” 👍。