SpringBoot实战练习

目录

1、统一异常处理

2、使用spring-date-jpa访问数据库

3、多数据源配置 spring-data-jap

4、整合Mybatis

5、整合Nosql数据库


1、统一异常处理

      在统一异常类上使用 @ControllerAdvice 或者 @RestControllerAdvice 后者是 @ControllerAdvice 和@ResponseBody 组合注解,当我们单纯的返回数据就可以使用组合注解,在方法上面使用 @ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class) 可处理不同的异常,定义不同的方法即可,下面是代码

package com.didispace.exception;

import com.didispace.dto.ErrorInfo;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)
    public ModelAndView defaultErrorHandler(HttpServletRequest req, Exception e) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
        mav.addObject("exception", e);
        mav.addObject("url", req.getRequestURL());
        mav.setViewName("error");
        return mav;
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(value = MyException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public ErrorInfo<String> jsonErrorHandler(HttpServletRequest req, MyException e) throws Exception {
        ErrorInfo<String> r = new ErrorInfo<>();
        r.setMessage(e.getMessage());
        r.setCode(ErrorInfo.ERROR);
        r.setData("Some Data");
        r.setUrl(req.getRequestURL().toString());
        return r;
    }

}

2、使用spring-date-jpa访问数据库

首先导入依赖

        <dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>5.1.21</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>

因为引入的是starter,所以我们只需要在配置文件中配置数据源信息,在服务启动的时候就会去整合数据库连接,配置文件的key需要和下面一样

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create-drop

下面就可以直接使用repo去连接实体数据库,只需要继承JpaRepository就可以让spring去管理,jpa使用也是有一些约定,查询findByXXAndXXX();会识别字段名称去生成sql语句

package com.didispace.domain;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;


/**
 * @author 程序猿DD
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @date 16/3/23 下午2:34.
 * @blog http://blog.didispace.com
 */
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {

    User findByName(String name);

    User findByNameAndAge(String name, Integer age);

    @Query("from User u where u.name=:name")
    User findUser(@Param("name") String name);


}

3、多数据源配置 spring-data-jap

依赖引入看上面,首先我们需要定义多个DataSource bean

package com.didispace;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

/**
 * @author 程序猿DD
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @date 16/3/26 下午9:11.
 * @blog http://blog.didispace.com
 */
@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {

    @Bean(name = "primaryDataSource")
    @Qualifier("primaryDataSource")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.datasource.primary")
    public DataSource primaryDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean(name = "secondaryDataSource")
    @Qualifier("secondaryDataSource")
    @Primary
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.datasource.secondary")
    public DataSource secondaryDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

}

然后配置jap连接bean 会指定datasource和指定的repo和实体类(具体的表)

package com.didispace;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.JpaProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(
        entityManagerFactoryRef="entityManagerFactoryPrimary",
        transactionManagerRef="transactionManagerPrimary",
        basePackages= { "com.didispace.domain.p" }) //设置Repository所在位置
public class PrimaryConfig {

    @Autowired @Qualifier("primaryDataSource")
    private DataSource primaryDataSource;

    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "entityManagerPrimary")
    public EntityManager entityManager(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
        return entityManagerFactoryPrimary(builder).getObject().createEntityManager();
    }

    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "entityManagerFactoryPrimary")
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryPrimary (EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
        return builder
                .dataSource(primaryDataSource)
                .properties(getVendorProperties(primaryDataSource))
                .packages("com.didispace.domain.p") //设置实体类所在位置
                .persistenceUnit("primaryPersistenceUnit")
                .build();
    }

    @Autowired
    private JpaProperties jpaProperties;

    private Map<String, String> getVendorProperties(DataSource dataSource) {
        return jpaProperties.getHibernateProperties(dataSource);
    }

    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "transactionManagerPrimary")
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManagerPrimary(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
        return new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactoryPrimary(builder).getObject());
    }

}
package com.didispace;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.JpaProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(
        entityManagerFactoryRef="entityManagerFactorySecondary",
        transactionManagerRef="transactionManagerSecondary",
        basePackages= { "com.didispace.domain.s" }) //设置Repository所在位置
public class SecondaryConfig {

    @Autowired @Qualifier("secondaryDataSource")
    private DataSource secondaryDataSource;

    @Bean(name = "entityManagerSecondary")
    public EntityManager entityManager(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
        return entityManagerFactorySecondary(builder).getObject().createEntityManager();
    }

    @Bean(name = "entityManagerFactorySecondary")
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactorySecondary (EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
        return builder
                .dataSource(secondaryDataSource)
                .properties(getVendorProperties(secondaryDataSource))
                .packages("com.didispace.domain.s") //设置实体类所在位置
                .persistenceUnit("secondaryPersistenceUnit")
                .build();
    }

    @Autowired
    private JpaProperties jpaProperties;

    private Map<String, String> getVendorProperties(DataSource dataSource) {
        return jpaProperties.getHibernateProperties(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean(name = "transactionManagerSecondary")
    PlatformTransactionManager transactionManagerSecondary(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
        return new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactorySecondary(builder).getObject());
    }

}

然后新建的repo就可以和上面的一致了

4、整合Mybatis

引入依赖和配置文件,因为也是引入的是starter,我们直接就可以使用生成的bean去操作,需要使用注解@Mapper去声明bean

        <dependency>
			<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.1</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>5.1.21</version>
		</dependency>



spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
package com.didispace.domain;

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {

    @Select("SELECT * FROM USER WHERE NAME = #{name}")
    User findByName(@Param("name") String name);

    @Insert("INSERT INTO USER(NAME, AGE) VALUES(#{name}, #{age})")
    int insert(@Param("name") String name, @Param("age") Integer age);

}
package com.didispace.domain;

public class User {

    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

}

5、整合Nosql数据库

redis :现在都是starter,不需要我们去配置客户端连接,直接引入就可以,配置前缀使用spring.redis.XXX

我们可以自定义去配置redis存储序列化

	    <dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-redis</artifactId>
		</dependency>

mongdb: spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://name:pass@localhost:27017/test

        <dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
		</dependency>
package com.didispace.domain;

import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository;

/**
 * @author 程序猿DD
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @date 16/4/27 下午10:16.
 * @blog http://blog.didispace.com
 */
public interface UserRepository extends MongoRepository<User, Long> {

    User findByUsername(String username);

}
package com.didispace.domain;

import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;

/**
 * @author 程序猿DD
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @date 16/4/27 下午10:04.
 * @blog http://blog.didispace.com
 */
public class User {

    @Id
    private Long id;

    private String username;
    private Integer age;

    public User(Long id, String username, Integer age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

详细教学参考:SpringBoot-Learning: Spring Boot基础教程,Spring Boot 2.x版本连载中!!!

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好的,以下是一个简单的 Spring Boot 实战项目,用于管理用户信息: 1. 创建一个基础的 Spring Boot 项目,引入以下依赖: ```xml <!-- Spring Boot Web 依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- Spring Boot JPA 依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- H2 数据库依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.h2database</groupId> <artifactId>h2</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> ``` 2. 创建一个实体类 User,包含 id、name、age 三个属性: ```java @Entity @Table(name = "user") public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long id; private String name; private Integer age; // 省略 getter 和 setter 方法 } ``` 3. 创建一个 UserRepository 接口,继承 JpaRepository,用于操作用户数据: ```java @Repository public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> { } ``` 4. 创建一个 UserController 类,用于处理用户信息的增删改查: ```java @RestController @RequestMapping("/users") public class UserController { @Autowired private UserRepository userRepository; @GetMapping("") public List<User> list() { return userRepository.findAll(); } @PostMapping("") public User create(@RequestBody User user) { return userRepository.save(user); } @GetMapping("/{id}") public User get(@PathVariable Long id) { return userRepository.findById(id).orElse(null); } @PutMapping("/{id}") public User update(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody User user) { user.setId(id); return userRepository.save(user); } @DeleteMapping("/{id}") public void delete(@PathVariable Long id) { userRepository.deleteById(id); } } ``` 5. 启动项目,访问 http://localhost:8080/users 即可查看用户列表,使用 POST、PUT、DELETE 方法操作用户信息。 以上就是一个简单的 Spring Boot 实战项目,可以通过这个项目练习 Spring Boot 的基本使用和 RESTful API 的实现。
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