PAT习题：A+B for Polynomials (25)

小编准备考PAT甲级的证，因此开始刷题中。将刷过的题及自己所编的代码进行整理分享。

题目描述

This time, you are supposed to find A+B where A and B are two polynomials.

输入描述:

Each input file contains one test case. Each case occupies 2 lines, and each line contains the information of a polynomial:
K N1 aN1 N2 aN2 … NK aNK, where K is the number of nonzero terms in the polynomial, Ni and aNi (i=1, 2, …, K) are the exponents and coefficients, respectively. It is given that 1 <= K <= 10，0 <= NK < … < N2 < N1 <=1000.

输出描述:

For each test case you should output the sum of A and B in one line, with the same format as the input. Notice that there must be NO extra space at the end of each line. Please be accurate to 1 decimal place.

输入例子:

2 1 2.4 0 3.2
2 2 1.5 1 0.5

输出例子:

3 2 1.5 1 2.9 0 3.2

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * A+B for Polynomials
 * 
 * @author Liu
 * @version 4.0
 *
 */
public class Match1002 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

		HashMap<Integer, Double> mapC = new HashMap<>();

		int numA = scanner.nextInt();
		for (int i = 1; i <= numA; i++) {
			int a = scanner.nextInt();
			double b = scanner.nextDouble();
			mapC.put(a, b);
		}
		int numB = scanner.nextInt();
		for (int i = 1; i <= numB; i++) {
			int a = scanner.nextInt();
			double b = scanner.nextDouble();
			if (mapC.containsKey(a) && (mapC.get(a) + b == 0)) {
				mapC.remove(a);
				continue;
			} else if (mapC.containsKey(a)) {
				double sum = b + mapC.get(a);
				BigDecimal bg = new BigDecimal(sum);
				sum = bg.setScale(1, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP).doubleValue();
				mapC.put(a, sum);
			} else {
				mapC.put(a, b);
			}

		}
		Object[] key = mapC.keySet().toArray();
		Arrays.sort(key);
		System.out.print(key.length);
		for (int i = key.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
			System.out.print(" " + key[i] + " " + mapC.get(key[i]));
		}
	}

}

解题思路：
本题的解法主要是使用了HashMap，以及Arrays.sort()方法。首先将第一个表达式存储在mapC当中，其中mapC的key值为指数，value值为系数。在B表达式进行输入时，要判断A表达式中是否有与B表达式该项相同的指数。若有，则判断相加后是否为0，若为0，则mapC中去出该项；若不为0，则mapC中要更新该指数对应的系数。此部分需要注意的是，float、double型数据直接进行加法运算，有可能因为精度问题导致计算错误，因此使用

		BigDecimal bg = new BigDecimal(sum);
		sum = bg.setScale(1, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP).doubleValue();
		mapC.put(a, sum);

进行设置，保留小数点后一位小数（题目要求）。若A表达式中没有与B表达式该项相同的指数，则直接将该项加入到mapC中。

输出最终计算结果，要求指数从大到小，因此使用

Object[] key = mapC.keySet().toArray();
Arrays.sort(key);

让mapC根据key值（指数）进行排序，排序后的结果为指数从小到大。最后输出时从后向前输出即可。