426. 【数据库】centos-7系统，二进制方式安装mysql

安装包下载

Mysql下载地址

安装步骤

1. 添加群组：mysql

[root@ss-1 mysql]#  groupadd mysql

2. 添加用户：mysql

[root@ss-1 mysql]#  useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

• -r表示建立系统账号
• -g指定用户所在的群组
• -s /bin/false该用户不可登录

3. 解压安装包

[root@ss-1 mysql]#  cd /usr/local
[root@ss-1 mysql]#  tar xvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.xz
[root@ss-1 mysql]#  ln -s ~/workspace_mysql/mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql 

4. 创建文件夹：mysql-files

[root@ss-1 mysql]#  cd mysql
[root@ss-1 mysql]#  mkdir mysql-files
[root@ss-1 mysql]#  chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
[root@ss-1 mysql]#  chmod 750 mysql-files
 yum install libaio -y

5. mysql 初始化

[root@ss-1 mysql]#  ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
# 如果出现上面的报错，就是缺少 libaio 库，执行下面的命令安装上即可。
[root@ss-1 mysql]#  yum install libaio -y
[root@ss-1 mysql]#  ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
2022-09-13T05:31:27.610325Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2022-09-13T05:31:27.610559Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /root/workspace_mysql/mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.28) initializing of server in progress as process 21006
2022-09-13T05:31:27.633452Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-09-13T05:31:29.433746Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-09-13T05:31:31.144844Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013829] [Server] Missing data directory for ICU regular expressions: /root/workspace_mysql/mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/lib/private/.
2022-09-13T05:31:32.473696Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: kIg=+&Kn7Bya

6. 开启ssl

[root@ss-1 mysql]#  ./bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup 

mysql5.7之前的版本是不提供ssl安全连接的，其在网络中数据都是以明文进行传输的。mysql_ssl_rsa_setup程序用于创建 SSL 证书和密钥文件以及 RSA 密钥对文件，以支持使用 SSL 的安全连接和使用 RSA 通过未加密连接的安全密码交换（如果这些文件丢失）。 如果现有的 SSL 文件已经过期，mysql_ssl_rsa_setup也可用于创建新的 SSL 文件。

7. 后台运行 mysql_safe

[root@ss-1 mysql]#  mkdir /var/log/mariadb
[root@ss-1 mysql]#  touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
[root@ss-1 mysql]#  chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb
[root@ss-1 mysql]#  ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &      
[1] 21262
[root@ss-1 mysql]#  2022-09-13T05:57:15.546134Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
2022-09-13T05:57:15.599043Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
2022-09-13T05:57:16.897010Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid ended

[1]+  Done                    ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

8. 拷贝配置文件

$> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

9. 配置环境变量

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

最好写入 /etc/profile文件

10. 启动mysql

[root@ss-1 workspace_mysql]#  /etc/init.d/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
[root@ss-1 workspace_mysql]#  netstat -tunlp | grep mysql
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      22386/mysqld        
tcp6       0      0 :::33060                :::*                    LISTEN      22386/mysqld  

11. 验证连接

[root@ss-1 tmp]#  mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p          
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 8.0.28

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql> 

可以看到，数据库连接已经没问题了。

三、修改 root 密码

虽然 mysql 数据库已经能连接了，但还没结束，当我们执行 show databases;时，会提示如下错误：

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

意思是提醒咱们不要用初始密码，这是需要修改密码：

mysql> alter user user() identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

修改完密码之后，可以看到错误就消失了。

四、创建 'root'@'%'用户

初始 root@localhost用户是无法远程登录的，要远程登录，咱们还需要创建 root@%用户。

create user 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%';
flush privileges;