HCIP R&S学习之OSPF邻居关系不正常（一）

HCIP的考点之OSPF邻居关系不正常

	OSPF邻居关系总共有8中，但并不一定会经历这8个过程，具体过程如下：
	Down --> Attempt --> Init --> Two-way --> Exstart  --> Exchange --> Full
	除了Two-way和Full两个状态之外，邻居停留在其他任何状态都是不正常的。

总结：

两台路由器启动OSPF协议后，邻居关系不正常的原因有：
1. 接口未参与OSPF进程；
2. Area ID不一致；
3. Stub-bit或NSSA-bit不一致；
4. SOPF验证类型不一致或密码不一致
5. Router ID是否冲突
6. OSPF链路两端的MTU相差较大，通常停留在ExStart状态（需要在接口下配置OSPF忽略MTU检查或修改MTU来解决）
7. 是否在同一网段（PPP链路除外），保证直连端口网络连通性
8. 是否有策略过滤掉OSPF报文

通过dis ospf error 可以看到每一个状态可能出现的故障

[R2]dis ospf error

	 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2
		 OSPF error statistics 

General packet errors:
 0     : IP: received my own packet     0     : Bad packet
 0     : Bad version                    0     : Bad checksum
 0     : Bad area id                    0     : Drop on unnumbered interface
 0     : Bad virtual link               0     : Bad authentication type
 0     : Bad authentication key         0     : Packet too small
 0     : Packet size > ip length        0     : Transmit error
 0     : Interface down                 0     : Unknown neighbor
 0     : Bad net segment                0     : Extern option mismatch
 0     : Router id confusion

HELLO packet errors:
 0     : Netmask mismatch               0     : Hello timer mismatch
 0     : Dead timer mismatch            0     : Virtual neighbor unknown
 0     : NBMA neighbor unknown          0     : Invalid Source Address

DD packet errors:
 0     : Neighbor state low             0     : Unknown LSA type
 0     : MTU option mismatch

LS ACK packet errors:
 0     : Neighbor state low             0     : Unknown LSA type

LS REQ packet errors:
 0     : Neighbor state low             0     : Empty request
 0     : Bad request

LS UPD packet errors:
 0     : Neighbor state low             0     : Newer self-generate LSA 
 0     : LSA checksum bad               0     : Received less recent LSA
 0     : Unknown LSA type

Opaque errors:
 0     : 9-out of flooding scope        0     : 10-out of flooding scope
 0     : 11-out of flooding scope       0     : Unkown TLV type

Retransmission for packet over Limitation errors:
 0     : Number for DD Packet           0     : Number for Update Packet
 0     : Number for Request Packet

Receive Grace LSA errors:
 0     : Number of invalid LSAs         0     : Number of policy failed LSAs
 0     : Number of wrong period LSAs

Configuration errors:
 0     : Tunnel cost mistake