面试用神sql--套路--累计报表

这几年面试数仓，一般肯定会问累计报表sql，所以总结了以下几个方法，作为练习及准备

建表导数据

create table t_access_times(username string,month string,salary int)
row format delimited fields terminated by ',';

load data local inpath '/home/dmp_chenl/t_access_times.dat' into table t_access_times;

A,2015-01,5
A,2015-01,15
B,2015-01,5
A,2015-01,8
B,2015-01,25
A,2015-01,5
A,2015-02,4
A,2015-02,6
B,2015-02,10
B,2015-02,5

一、自连接方法

1、第一步，先求个用户的月总金额

select username,month,sum(salary) as salary from t_access_times group by username,month

+-----------+----------+---------+--+
| username  |  month   | salary  |
+-----------+----------+---------+--+
| A         | 2015-01  | 33      |
| A         | 2015-02  | 10      |
| B         | 2015-01  | 30      |
| B         | 2015-02  | 15      |
+-----------+----------+---------+--+

2、第二步，将月总金额表 自己连接 自己连接

+-------------+----------+-----------+-------------+----------+-----------+--+
| a.username  | a.month  | a.salary  | b.username  | b.month  | b.salary  |
+-------------+----------+-----------+-------------+----------+-----------+--+
| A           | 2015-01  | 33        | A           | 2015-01  | 33        |
| A           | 2015-01  | 33        | A           | 2015-02  | 10        |
| A           | 2015-02  | 10        | A           | 2015-01  | 33        |
| A           | 2015-02  | 10        | A           | 2015-02  | 10        |
| B           | 2015-01  | 30        | B           | 2015-01  | 30        |
| B           | 2015-01  | 30        | B           | 2015-02  | 15        |
| B           | 2015-02  | 15        | B           | 2015-01  | 30        |
| B           | 2015-02  | 15        | B           | 2015-02  | 15        |
+-------------+----------+-----------+-------------+----------+-----------+--+

3、第三步，从上一步的结果中

进行分组查询，分组的字段是a.username a.month
求月累计值：  将b.month <= a.month的所有b.salary求和即可
select A.username,A.month,max(A.salary) as salary,sum(B.salary) as accumulate 
from 
(select username,month,sum(salary) as salary from t_access_times group by username,month) A 
inner join 
(select username,month,sum(salary) as salary from t_access_times group by username,month) B 
on 
A.username=B.username 
where B.month <= A.month 
group by A.username,A.month 
order by A.username,A.month;

A       2015-01 33      33
A       2015-02 10      43
B       2015-01 30      30
B       2015-02 15      45

二、表关联方法

1、第一步，先求个用户的月总金额

select username,month,sum(salary) as salary from t_access_times group by username,month;

+-----------+----------+---------+--+
| username  |  month   | salary  |
+-----------+----------+---------+--+
| A         | 2015-01  | 33      |
| A         | 2015-02  | 10      |
| B         | 2015-01  | 30      |
| B         | 2015-02  | 15      |
+-----------+----------+---------+--+

2、第二步，利用表关联求和

select username,month,sum(b.salary) 
    from t_access_times b,
    (select username,month,sum(salary) as salary from t_access_times group by username,month order by username,month)a 
    where b.month <= a.month and a.username=b.username 
    group by a.username,a.month;

A       2015-01 33
A       2015-02 43
B       2015-01 30
B       2015-02 45

3、第三步，从上一步的结果与第一步的结果相关联即可

三、分析函数方法

1、第一步，先求个用户的月总金额

select username,month,sum(salary) as salary from t_access_times group by username,month;

+-----------+----------+---------+--+
| username  |  month   | salary  |
+-----------+----------+---------+--+
| A         | 2015-01  | 33      |
| A         | 2015-02  | 10      |
| B         | 2015-01  | 30      |
| B         | 2015-02  | 15      |
+-----------+----------+---------+--+

2、第二步，利用分析函数求和

select username,month,salary,sum(salary) over(partition by username order by month) salary_sum from 
(select username,month,sum(salary) as salary from t_access_times group by username,month) temp;

select username,month,salary,sum(salary) over(partition by username order by month) salary_sum,
max(salary) over(partition by username order by month) salary_sum from 
(select username,month,sum(salary) as salary from t_access_times group by username,month) temp;