SpringMVC之过滤器与拦截器

一、过滤器

依赖于servlet容器，在实现上基于函数回调，可以对几乎所有请求进行过滤

public interface Filter {

    /** 
     * Called by the web container to indicate to a filter that it is
     * being placed into service.
     *
     * <p>The servlet container calls the init
     * method exactly once after instantiating the filter. The init
     * method must complete successfully before the filter is asked to do any
     * filtering work.
     * 
     * <p>The web container cannot place the filter into service if the init
     * method either
     * <ol>
     * <li>Throws a ServletException
     * <li>Does not return within a time period defined by the web container
     * </ol>
     */
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException;
	
	
    /**
     * The <code>doFilter</code> method of the Filter is called by the
     * container each time a request/response pair is passed through the
     * chain due to a client request for a resource at the end of the chain.
     * The FilterChain passed in to this method allows the Filter to pass
     * on the request and response to the next entity in the chain.
     *
     * <p>A typical implementation of this method would follow the following
     * pattern:
     * <ol>
     * <li>Examine the request
     * <li>Optionally wrap the request object with a custom implementation to
     * filter content or headers for input filtering
     * <li>Optionally wrap the response object with a custom implementation to
     * filter content or headers for output filtering
     * <li>
     * <ul>
     * <li><strong>Either</strong> invoke the next entity in the chain
     * using the FilterChain object
     * (<code>chain.doFilter()</code>),
     * <li><strong>or</strong> not pass on the request/response pair to
     * the next entity in the filter chain to
     * block the request processing
     * </ul>
     * <li>Directly set headers on the response after invocation of the
     * next entity in the filter chain.
     * </ol>
     */
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
                         FilterChain chain)
            throws IOException, ServletException;


    /**
     * Called by the web container to indicate to a filter that it is being
     * taken out of service.
     *
     * <p>This method is only called once all threads within the filter's
     * doFilter method have exited or after a timeout period has passed.
     * After the web container calls this method, it will not call the
     * doFilter method again on this instance of the filter.
     *
     * <p>This method gives the filter an opportunity to clean up any
     * resources that are being held (for example, memory, file handles,
     * threads) and make sure that any persistent state is synchronized
     * with the filter's current state in memory.
     */
    public void destroy();
}

1、在web.xml中注册 

    <filter>
        <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.jason.lee.filter.MyFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
 
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
        <!--精确配置：URL／Servlet-->
        <url-pattern>/HelloServlet</url-pattern>
        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
    </filter-mapping>

 2、实现

public class MyFilter implements Filter {
    public void destroy() {
    }
 
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("MyFilter");
        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
        System.out.println("MyFilter");
    }
 
    public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
    }
 
}

二、拦截器

依赖于web框架，在SpringMVC中就是依赖于SpringMVC框架；在实现上基于Java的反射机制，属于面向切面编程（AOP）的一种运用

public interface HandlerInterceptor {

	/**
	 * Intercept the execution of a handler. Called after HandlerMapping determined
	 * an appropriate handler object, but before HandlerAdapter invokes the handler.
	 * <p>DispatcherServlet processes a handler in an execution chain, consisting
	 * of any number of interceptors, with the handler itself at the end.
	 * With this method, each interceptor can decide to abort the execution chain,
	 * typically sending a HTTP error or writing a custom response.
	 * <p><strong>Note:</strong> special considerations apply for asynchronous
	 * request processing. For more details see
	 * {@link org.springframework.web.servlet.AsyncHandlerInterceptor}.
	 * @param request current HTTP request
	 * @param response current HTTP response
	 * @param handler chosen handler to execute, for type and/or instance evaluation
	 * @return {@code true} if the execution chain should proceed with the
	 * next interceptor or the handler itself. Else, DispatcherServlet assumes
	 * that this interceptor has already dealt with the response itself.
	 * @throws Exception in case of errors
	 */
	boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
			throws Exception;

	/**
	 * Intercept the execution of a handler. Called after HandlerAdapter actually
	 * invoked the handler, but before the DispatcherServlet renders the view.
	 * Can expose additional model objects to the view via the given ModelAndView.
	 * <p>DispatcherServlet processes a handler in an execution chain, consisting
	 * of any number of interceptors, with the handler itself at the end.
	 * With this method, each interceptor can post-process an execution,
	 * getting applied in inverse order of the execution chain.
	 * <p><strong>Note:</strong> special considerations apply for asynchronous
	 * request processing. For more details see
	 * {@link org.springframework.web.servlet.AsyncHandlerInterceptor}.
	 * @param request current HTTP request
	 * @param response current HTTP response
	 * @param handler handler (or {@link HandlerMethod}) that started asynchronous
	 * execution, for type and/or instance examination
	 * @param modelAndView the {@code ModelAndView} that the handler returned
	 * (can also be {@code null})
	 * @throws Exception in case of errors
	 */
	void postHandle(
			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)
			throws Exception;

	/**
	 * Callback after completion of request processing, that is, after rendering
	 * the view. Will be called on any outcome of handler execution, thus allows
	 * for proper resource cleanup.
	 * <p>Note: Will only be called if this interceptor's {@code preHandle}
	 * method has successfully completed and returned {@code true}!
	 * <p>As with the {@code postHandle} method, the method will be invoked on each
	 * interceptor in the chain in reverse order, so the first interceptor will be
	 * the last to be invoked.
	 * <p><strong>Note:</strong> special considerations apply for asynchronous
	 * request processing. For more details see
	 * {@link org.springframework.web.servlet.AsyncHandlerInterceptor}.
	 * @param request current HTTP request
	 * @param response current HTTP response
	 * @param handler handler (or {@link HandlerMethod}) that started asynchronous
	 * execution, for type and/or instance examination
	 * @param ex exception thrown on handler execution, if any
	 * @throws Exception in case of errors
	 */
	void afterCompletion(
			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
			throws Exception;

}

 1、在springMVC的配置文件中注册

    <mvc:interceptors>
        <!--默认拦截所有请求-->
        <!--配置拦截器一：全限定名-->
        <bean class="com.jason.lee.mvc.interceptor.FirstInterceptor"/>
        <!--配置拦截器二：拦截器上注解@Component-->
        <!--        <ref bean="firstInterceptor"/>-->

        <!--设置自定义拦截-->
        <!--        <mvc:interceptor>-->
        <!--            <mvc:mapping path="/testGet"/>-->
        <!--            <ref bean="firstInterceptor"/>-->
        <!--        </mvc:interceptor>-->
    </mvc:interceptors>

2、实现

public class FirstInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("first: preHandle");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("first: postHandle");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("first: afterCompletion");
    }
}

三、区别与联系