【String】 常用库函数系列一（替换(replace)，删除(erase)，取子串(substr) )

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String:: replace

string (1)  
string& replace (size_t pos,  size_t len,  const string& str);
string& replace (iterator i1, iterator i2, const string& str);
substring (2)   
string& replace (size_t pos,  size_t len,  const string& str,
                 size_t subpos, size_t sublen);
c-string (3)    
string& replace (size_t pos,  size_t len,  const char* s);
string& replace (iterator i1, iterator i2, const char* s);
buffer (4)  
string& replace (size_t pos,  size_t len,  const char* s, size_t n);
string& replace (iterator i1, iterator i2, const char* s, size_t n);
fill (5)    
string& replace (size_t pos,  size_t len,  size_t n, char c);
string& replace (iterator i1, iterator i2, size_t n, char c);
range (6)   
template <class InputIterator>
  string& replace (iterator i1, iterator