设计模式—建造者模式

在了解之前，先假设有一个问题，我们需要创建一个学生对象，属性有name,age,sex,birth等属性，如果每一个属性都可以为空，也就是说我们可以只用一个name,也可以用一个age,name,或者一个name,age,sex,birth，或者其他任意的赋值来创建一个学生对象，这时该怎么构造？
难道我们写4个1个输入的构造函数，6个2个输入的构造函数.......吗？这个时候就需要用到Builder模式。

package com.example.myeureka;

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * 〈一句话功能简述〉<br>
 * 建造者模式
 * @author DING WEI
 * @create 2019/1/25 10:21:21
 * @since 1.0.0
 */
public class TestBuild {

    static class Student{
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private String sex;
        private Date birth;

        static class StudentBuild{
            private String name;
            private int age;
            private String sex;
            private Date birth;

            public StudentBuild setName(String name){
                this.name = name;
                return this;
            }

            public StudentBuild setAge(int age){
                this.age = age;
                return this;
            }

            public StudentBuild setSex(String sex){
                this.sex = sex;
                return this;
            }

            public StudentBuild setBirth(Date birth){
                this.birth = birth;
                return this;
            }

            public Student build(){
                return new Student(this);
            }
        }

        public Student(StudentBuild studentBuild){
            this.name = studentBuild.name;
            this.age = studentBuild.age;
            this.sex = studentBuild.sex;
            this.birth = studentBuild.birth;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Student{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                    ", birth=" + birth +
                    '}';
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student girl = new Student.StudentBuild().setName("阎婆惜").setAge(40).setSex("女").build();
        System.out.println(girl.toString());
        Student body = new Student.StudentBuild().setBirth(new Date()).setName("宋江").setSex("男").build();
        System.out.println(body);
    }

}

 执行main方法，输出结果为：

Student{name='阎婆惜', age=40, sex='女', birth=null}
Student{name='宋江', age=0, sex='男', birth=Fri Jan 25 10:35:41 CST 2019}