Hibernate关系映射级别注解（多对一单向外键关联）

多对一单向外键关联

所谓多对一，就说多方持有一方的引用，比如：多个学生对应一个班级
在多方需要添加如下注解：
@ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.ALL}, fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
两个常用属性，cascade依然指定级联关系，fetch指的是抓取策略，一般默认EAGER，表示积极的渴望的
@JoinColumn(name=”cid”,referencedColumnName=”COD”)
name是一方的外键，referencedColumnName表示对应的外键如果映射成数据库表里的内容可以起的名称

新建一个包，将学生类拷贝，这次不需要身份证类。把Students类中和IdCard类有关的内容删掉。
然后建一个班级实体类ClassRoom，既然是实体类，所以需要@Entity注解。

@Entity
public class ClassRoom {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(generator="cid")
    @GenericGenerator(name="cid",strategy="assigned")
    @Column(length=4)
    private String cid;//班级号
    private String cname;//班级名

    public ClassRoom(){

    }

    public ClassRoom(String cid, String cname) {
        super();
        this.cid = cid;
        this.cname = cname;
    }

    public String getCid() {
        return cid;
    }

    public void setCid(String cid) {
        this.cid = cid;
    }

    public String getCname() {
        return cname;
    }

    public void setCname(String cname) {
        this.cname = cname;
    }
}

在Students类中要加上ClassRoom，并封装，在get方法上加上对应注解。另外还要添加一个姓名的属性。

@Entity
public class Students {

    private int sid;
    private String sname;
    private String gender;
    private Date birthday;
    private String major;
    private ClassRoom classRoom;

    public Students(){

    }

    public Students(String sname, String gender, Date birthday,
            String major) {
        //super();
        //这里不传入sid，因为是自动增长的，不需要赋值
        this.sname = sname;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.birthday = birthday;
        this.major = major;
    }

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    public int getSid() {
        return sid;
    }

    public void setSid(int sid) {
        this.sid = sid;
    }

    public String getSname() {
        return sname;
    }

    public void setSname(String sname) {
        this.sname = sname;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String getMajor() {
        return major;
    }

    public void setMajor(String major) {
        this.major = major;
    }

    @ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.ALL},fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
    @JoinColumn(name="cid",referencedColumnName="CID")
    public ClassRoom getClassRoom() {
        return classRoom;
    }

    public void setClassRoom(ClassRoom classRoom) {
        this.classRoom = classRoom;
    }
}

这样两个实体类就建好了，在配置文档中将两个注解类配置进去。

<mapping class="mto_fk.Students"/>
<mapping class="mto_fk.ClassRoom"/>

在测试类中值保留创建表的测试方法，依然有效。然后写一下添加记录的方法：

public class TestStudents {

    @Test
    public void testSchemaExport() {
        // 创建配置对象
        Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();
        // 创建服务注册对象
        ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder()
                .applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
        // 创建会话工厂对象
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = config
                .buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);

        SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport(config);
        export.create(true, true);
    }

    @Test
    public void addStudents() {
        // 创建配置对象
        Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();
        // 创建服务注册对象
        ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder()
                .applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
        // 创建会话工厂对象
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = config
                .buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
        //创建会话对象
        Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
        //创建事务对象
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

        //先创建班级对象
        ClassRoom c1 = new ClassRoom("C001","计算机科学");
        ClassRoom c2 = new ClassRoom("C002","物联网工程");
        //然后创建四个学生对象
        Students s1 = new Students("张三", "男", new Date(), "计算机");
        Students s2 = new Students("李四", "女", new Date(), "计算机");
        Students s3 = new Students("王五", "女", new Date(), "计算机");
        Students s4 = new Students("赵六", "男", new Date(), "计算机");

        s1.setClassRoom(c1);
        s2.setClassRoom(c1);
        s3.setClassRoom(c2);
        s4.setClassRoom(c2);

        //先保存班级
        session.save(c1);
        session.save(c2);
        //再保存学生
        session.save(s1);
        session.save(s2);
        session.save(s3);
        session.save(s4);

        tx.commit();
    }
}