一、观察者模式
- 定义:定义了对象之间的一对多依赖,
让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个主题对象,当主题对象发生变化时,它的所有依赖者(观察者)都会收到通知并更新
- 类型:行为型
- 适用场景:关联行为场景,建立一套触发机制
- 优点:
- 观察者和被观察者之间建立一个抽象的耦合
- 观察者模式支持广播通信
- 缺点:
- 观察者之间有过多的细节依赖、提高时间消耗及程序复杂度
- 使用要得当,要避免循环调用
二、Coding
- 场景:模拟同学问老师问题,很多个老师都接收到了同学的问题
public class Question {
private String userName;
private String questionContent;
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getQuestionContent() {
return questionContent;
}
public void setQuestionContent(String questionContent) {
this.questionContent = questionContent;
}
}
public class Observable {
private boolean changed = false;
private Vector<Observer> obs;
protected synchronized void setChanged() {
changed = true;
}
public void notifyObservers(Object arg) {
Object[] arrLocal;
synchronized (this) {
if (!changed)
return;
arrLocal = obs.toArray();
clearChanged();
}
for (int i = arrLocal.length-1; i>=0; i--)
((Observer)arrLocal[i]).update(this, arg);
}
}
public class Course extends Observable {
private String courseName;
public Course(String courseName) {
this.courseName = courseName;
}
public String getCourseName() {
return courseName;
}
public void produceQuestion(Course course, Question question) {
System.out.println(question.getUserName() + "在" + course.courseName + "提交了一个问题");
setChanged();
notifyObservers(question);
}
}
public interface Observer {
void update(Observable o, Object arg);
}
public class Teacher implements Observer {
private String teacherName;
public Teacher(String teacherName) {
this.teacherName = teacherName;
}
@Override
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
Course course = (Course) o;
Question question = (Question) arg;
System.out.println(teacherName + "老师的" + course.getCourseName() + "课程接收到一个" + question.getUserName() + "提交的问答:" + question.getQuestionContent());
}
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Course course = new Course("Java设计模式");
Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher("Alpha");
Teacher teacher2 = new Teacher("Beta");
course.addObserver(teacher1);
course.addObserver(teacher2);
Question question = new Question();
question.setUserName("Geely");
question.setQuestionContent("Java的主函数如何编写");
course.produceQuestion(course, question);
}
}
Geely在Java设计模式精讲提交了一个问题
Beta老师的Java设计模式精讲课程接收到一个Geely提交的问答:Java的主函数如何编写
Alpha老师的Java设计模式精讲课程接收到一个Geely提交的问答:Java的主函数如何编写
- UML类图:
![观察者模式UML](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/329c7598ef40ed02ea1d3340e823e5a9.png)
- 说明:老师实现了Observer接口,就成为了一个观察者,在Course里面就可以把老师add进来,课程作为被观察者对象需要继承Observable,一个可以观察的类。
三、源码中的应用