一、备忘录模式
一句话总结:用一个栈保存一个对象的一系列历史状态,在需要的时候可以恢复对象
- 定义:
保存一个对象的某个状态,以便在适当的时候恢复对象,即“后悔药”
- 类型:行为型
- 适用场景:
- 保存及恢复数据相关业务场景
- 后悔的时候,即想恢复到之前的状态
- 优点:
- 缺点:资源占用
- 相关设计模式:
- 备忘录模式和
状态模式
:备忘录模式中,是用实例来表示状态的,也就是说存档的对象是一个实例对象,而在状态模式中是类表示状态
二、Coding
public class Article {
private String title;
private String content;
private String imgs;
public Article(String title, String content, String imgs) {
this.title = title;
this.content = content;
this.imgs = imgs;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public String getImgs() {
return imgs;
}
public void setImgs(String imgs) {
this.imgs = imgs;
}
public ArticleMemento saveToMemento() {
ArticleMemento articleMemento = new ArticleMemento(this.title, this.content, this.imgs);
return articleMemento;
}
public void undoFromMemento(ArticleMemento articleMemento) {
this.title = articleMemento.getTitle();
this.content = articleMemento.getContent();
this.imgs = articleMemento.getImgs();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Article{" +
"title='" + title + '\'' +
", content='" + content + '\'' +
", imgs='" + imgs + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
public class ArticleMemento {
private String title;
private String content;
private String imgs;
public ArticleMemento(String title, String content, String imgs) {
this.title = title;
this.content = content;
this.imgs = imgs;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public String getImgs() {
return imgs;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "ArticleMemento{" +
"title='" + title + '\'' +
", content='" + content + '\'' +
", imgs='" + imgs + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
public class ArticleMementoManager {
private final Stack<ArticleMemento> ARTICLE_MEMENTO_STACK = new Stack<ArticleMemento>();
public ArticleMemento getMemento() {
ArticleMemento articleMemento = ARTICLE_MEMENTO_STACK.pop();
return articleMemento;
}
public void addMemento(ArticleMemento articleMemento) {
ARTICLE_MEMENTO_STACK.push(articleMemento);
}
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArticleMementoManager articleMementoManager = new ArticleMementoManager();
Article article= new Article("如影随行的设计模式A","手记内容A","手记图片A");
ArticleMemento articleMemento = article.saveToMemento();
articleMementoManager.addMemento(articleMemento);
System.out.println("标题:"+article.getTitle()+" 内容:"+article.getContent()+" 图片:"+article.getImgs()+" 暂存成功");
System.out.println("手记完整信息:"+article);
System.out.println("修改手记start");
article.setTitle("如影随行的设计模式B");
article.setContent("手记内容B");
article.setImgs("手记图片B");
System.out.println("修改手记end");
System.out.println("手记完整信息:"+article);
articleMemento = article.saveToMemento();
articleMementoManager.addMemento(articleMemento);
article.setTitle("如影随行的设计模式C");
article.setContent("手记内容C");
article.setImgs("手记图片C");
System.out.println("暂存回退start");
System.out.println("回退出栈1次");
articleMemento = articleMementoManager.getMemento();
article.undoFromMemento(articleMemento);
System.out.println("回退出栈2次");
articleMemento = articleMementoManager.getMemento();
article.undoFromMemento(articleMemento);
System.out.println("暂存回退end");
System.out.println("手记完整信息:"+article);
}
}
标题:如影随行的设计模式A 内容:手记内容A 图片:手记图片A 暂存成功
手记完整信息:Article{title='如影随行的设计模式A', content='手记内容A', imgs='手记图片A'}
修改手记start
修改手记end
手记完整信息:Article{title='如影随行的设计模式B', content='手记内容B', imgs='手记图片B'}
暂存回退start
回退出栈1次
回退出栈2次
暂存回退end
手记完整信息:Article{title='如影随行的设计模式A', content='手记内容A', imgs='手记图片A'}
- UML类图:
![备忘录UML](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210319231241124.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2MjIxNzg4,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
- 说明:这个类图很简单,首先
文章快照(ArticleMemnto)只能由文章(Article)创建,文章快照的set方法是不开放的
,文章快照和快照管理类是个聚合关系,管理类里可以有多个快照。
三、源码中的应用
- 很抱歉没找到,但是场景有很多,比如博客的暂存,还有开发一些工作流的软件应该很常用,比如购物车清空后想找回等等