至于啥是MVVM在此不再赘述,可以参考这位大神写的博客 : http://www.cnblogs.com/durow/p/4853729.html
在此只是搭建一个简单的框架, 仅供学习参考, 欢迎转载. 如有任何问题,意见或建议欢迎随时批评指正.
如有侵权请及时联系删除,谢谢.
包含的基础类参考如下截图,具体类的作用我会随着代码展开做简短的解释.
类图参考:
首先我创建了三个文件夹进行管理,分别为Controller(绑定的属性管理,命令管理),Model(绑定的属性)和View(UI).
各基础类原码:
BaseController.cs (各Controller的一个基类) ↓
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace MVVM.App.Control
{
public class BaseController
{
public BaseController(CNotifyPropertyChange model)
{
m_model = model;
}
private CNotifyPropertyChange m_model = null;
public CNotifyPropertyChange Model
{
get { return m_model; }
}
}
}
DelegateCommand.cs (命令绑定实现类) ↓
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Input;
namespace MVVM.App.Control
{
#pragma warning disable 0067
public class DelegateCommand : ICommand
{
public Func<object, bool> canExecute;
public Action<object> executeAction;
public bool canExecuteCache;
public DelegateCommand()
{
}
public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
{
if (null != parameter)
{
Type type = parameter.GetType();
if ("System.Windows.Controls.Slider" == type.ToString())
{
System.Windows.Controls.Slider slider = (System.Windows.Controls.Slider)parameter;
if (slider.IsMouseCaptureWithin || slider.IsKeyboardFocusWithin)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;
public void Execute(object parameter)
{
executeAction(parameter);
}
}
}
CNotifyPropertyChange.cs (主要封装了绑定的属性改变时的通知函数) ↓
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace MVVM.App.Control
{
public class CNotifyPropertyChange : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
public void NotifyPropertyChange(string propertyName)
{
if (PropertyChanged != null)
{
PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
}
}
}
除了上述基类或同一管理的类,下面就是具体的实现类了:
我在UI上拖了一个Button
<Button Content="Button" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="246,59,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" Background="AliceBlue"/>
如何将这个Button的某些属性和命令通过MVVM实现呢?
首先我前台的数据绑定在后台的哪个地方? -> 此框架中所有数据都在ViewModel.cs中进行管理,因此要将窗口的DataContext设置到类ViewModel的实例化中,参考以下代码:
UserInterface.xaml.cs ↓
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
namespace MVVM.App.TM
{
/// <summary>
/// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
/// </summary>
public partial class UserInterface : Window
{
private ViewModel m_viewModel = null;
public UserInterface()
{
m_viewModel = new ViewModel();
this.DataContext = m_viewModel;
InitializeComponent();
}
}
}
ViewModel中可以自己实现绑定的属性,但是为了管理方便,在此我聚合了一个UIModel, 这样做的好处是大型的项目中UI经常分为好几个模块进行管理,也就是多个Model. 每个Model应该有个Controller进行属性的管理, Controller也应该聚合在ViewModel中.
ViewModel.cs ↓
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using MVVM.App.Control;
namespace MVVM.App.TM
{
class ViewModel : CNotifyPropertyChange
{
public UIModel m_UIModel { get; set; }
public UIController m_UIController { get; set; }
public ViewModel()
{
try
{
m_UIModel = new UIModel();
if (m_UIController == null)
{
m_UIController = new UIController(m_UIModel);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
}
}
}
}
我想要通过MVVM模式改变这个Button的Content, 需要将Content="Button"改为Content="{Binding m_UIModel.strContext,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}"
strContext是啥呢?就是我要这个Button的Content绑定的字符串
UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged啥意思呢?就是当这个字符串改变时麻烦让这个函数通知下UI
<Button Content="{Binding m_UIModel.strContext,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="246,59,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" Background="AliceBlue" />
OK,那UIModel应该怎么写呢?很简单搞两个字符串,一个对内一个对外,注意当外部让这个字符串改变时别忘了调用this.NotifyPropertyChange("strContext")这个函数,每次改变都会去前台找谁绑定了"strContext",然后做出改变
UIModel.cs ↓
using MVVM.App.Control;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace MVVM.App.TM
{
class UIModel : CNotifyPropertyChange
{
public UIModel()
{
}
private string m_strContext;
public string strContext
{
get { return m_strContext; }
set
{
m_strContext = value;
this.NotifyPropertyChange("strContext");
}
}
}
}
OK,那strContext在哪里管理呢?当然是类UIController里面了
比如说我设置一个初始值,点开窗口Button的Content为"Hello",Controller里面在构造函数里面控制一下就行了:
UIController.cs ↓
using MVVM.App.Control;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace MVVM.App.TM
{
class UIController : BaseController
{
public UIController(CNotifyPropertyChange model) : base(model)
{
((UIModel)(this.Model)).strContext = "Hello";
}
}
}
好,这个时候一个属性绑定已经完成了,运行结果如下:
好,接着搞,我想点击这个Button后让这个Button的Content变成WPF,再点击又变成Hello......
这个时候就用到命令绑定了
需要在Button的Grid里面加上这么一段话:Command="{Binding m_UIController.btn_Clicked}" ↓
<Button Content="{Binding m_UIModel.strContext,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="246,59,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" Background="AliceBlue" Command="{Binding m_UIController.btn_Clicked}"/>
btn_Clicked是一个命令,实际就是DelegateCommand,继承于ICommand
btn_Clicked直接在UIController里面实现就可以了,因此添加如下代码:
UIController.cs ↓
using MVVM.App.Control;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace MVVM.App.TM
{
class UIController : BaseController
{
public DelegateCommand btn_Clicked { get; set; }
public UIController(CNotifyPropertyChange model) : base(model)
{
btn_Clicked = new DelegateCommand();
btn_Clicked.executeAction = new Action<object>(btnClicked);
((UIModel)(this.Model)).strContext = "Hello";
}
private void btnClicked(object obj)
{
if ("Hello" == ((UIModel)(this.Model)).strContext)
{
((UIModel)(this.Model)).strContext = "WPF";
}
else
{
((UIModel)(this.Model)).strContext = "Hello";
}
}
}
}
好,最终效果如下(Sorry,鼠标的轨迹和点击没有被录制上去,但是不影响效果^-^):