实验报告1_YUV2RGB

一.基本原理

（1）RGB转YUV的公式

Y＝0.2990R+0.5870G+0.1140B

R-Y＝0.7010R -0.5870G -0.1140B
B-Y＝-0.2990R -0.5870G+0.8860B

为了使色差信号的动态范围控制在0.5之间，需要进行归一化，对色差信号引入压缩系数：

U＝-0.1684R -0.3316G+0.5B
V＝0.5R -0.4187G -0.0813B

（2）YUV转RGB的公式

R=Y+1.4075(V-128)

G=Y-0.3455(U-128)-0.7169(V-128)

B=Y+1.779(U-128)

（3）分析

RGB文件中的数据存储方式：B1G1R1B2G2R2B3G3R3…

4:2:0YUV文件中数据的存储方式：Y1Y2…Y（256x256）U1U2…U（256x256x0.25）V1V2…V（256x256x0.25）

RGB转YUV格式时需要下采样，每2x2个像素单元公用一个U一个V；而YUV转RGB格式时需要上采样，每2x2个像素单元中，需要将共同的U和V分别复制给另外三个像素。

二.实验流程

（1）读入待转换的文件名，文件的宽高，设置输出的文件名

初始化main函数参数：项目名右键->属性->配置属性->调试->设置命令参数和工作目录

（2）初始化参数

FILE *rgbFile

FILE *yuvFile

int width,height

unsigned char *rgbBuffer

unsigned char *yBuffer,*uBuffer,*vBuffer

（3）打开两个文件(fopen)，变量赋值，开buffer（malloc()）

（4）将YUV文件的数据读入yBuffer,uBuffer,vBuffer，写rgbBuffer

（5）输出rgb文件

三.关键代码及分析

yuv2rgb.h

#ifndef YUV2RGB_H_
#define YUV2RGB_H_
int YUV2RGB (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *rgb_out, void *y_in, void *u_in, void *v_in, int flip);
void InitLookupTable();

#endif

main.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "yuv2rgb.h"

#define u_int8_t	unsigned __int8
#define u_int		unsigned __int32
#define u_int32_t	unsigned __int32
#define FALSE		false
#define TRUE		true

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	/* variables controlable from command line */
	u_int frameWidth = 352;			/* --width=<uint> */
	u_int frameHeight = 240;		/* --height=<uint> */
	bool flip = TRUE;				/* --flip */

	/* internal variables */
	char* yuvFileName = NULL;//初始化参数
	char* rgbFileName = NULL;
	FILE* yuvFile = NULL;
	FILE* rgbFile = NULL;
	u_int8_t* rgbBuf = NULL;
	u_int8_t* yBuf = NULL;
	u_int8_t* uBuf = NULL;
	u_int8_t* vBuf = NULL;
	u_int32_t videoFramesWritten = 0;

	/* begin process command line */
	/* point to the specified file names */
	yuvFileName = argv[1];
	rgbFileName = argv[2];

	frameWidth = atoi(argv[3]);//字符串转整型
	frameHeight = atoi(argv[4]);

	/* open the YUV file */
	yuvFile = fopen(yuvFileName, "rb");
	if (yuvFile == NULL)
	{
		printf("cannot find yuv file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("The input yuv file is %s\n", yuvFileName);
	}

	/* open the RAW file */
	rgbFile = fopen(rgbFileName, "wb");
	if (rgbFile == NULL)
	{
		printf("cannot find rgb file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("The output rgb file is %s\n", rgbFileName);
	}


	/* get an input buffer for a frame */
	rgbBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 3);

	/* get the output buffers for a frame */
	yBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight);
	uBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);//4:2:0取样，UV分量都只有Y分量的1/4
	vBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);

	if (rgbBuf == NULL || yBuf == NULL || uBuf == NULL || vBuf == NULL)
	{
		printf("no enought memory\n");
		exit(1);
	}

        while(fread(yBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight, yuvFile)
		&&fread(uBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight/4, yuvFile)
		&&fread(vBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight/4, yuvFile))
	{
	    if(YUV2RGB(frameWidth, frameHeight, rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, flip))
		{
			printf("error");
			return 0;
		}
		fwrite(rgbBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight*3, rgbFile);

		printf("\r...%d", ++videoFramesWritten);
	}

	printf("\n%u %ux%u video frames written\n", 
		videoFramesWritten, frameWidth, frameHeight);

	/* cleanup */

	if(rgbFile) fclose(rgbFile);//判断后再关闭文件或释放空间
	if(yuvFile) fclose(yuvFile);

	if (yBuf) free(yBuf);
	if (uBuf) free(uBuf);
	if (vBuf) free(vBuf);
	if (rgbBuf) free(rgbBuf);

	getchar();//让界面卡住，显示在那里，等待输入任意字符后，程序才会结束退出，方便查看结果。

   return(0);

}

yuv2rgb.cpp

#include "stdlib.h"
#include "yuv2rgb.h"

static float YUVRGB14075[256],YUVRGB03455[256];
static float YUVRGB07169[256],YUVRGB17790[256];

int YUV2RGB (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *rgb_out, void *y_in, void *u_in, void *v_in, int flip)
{
	static int init_done = 0;

	long i, j, size;
	unsigned char *r, *g, *b;
	unsigned char *y, *u, *v;
	unsigned char *pu1, *pu2, *pv1, *pv2, *psu, *psv;
	unsigned char *y_buffer, *u_buffer, *v_buffer;
	unsigned char *sub_u_buf, *sub_v_buf;

	short tr,tg,tb;//为防止数据溢出定义中间变量（中间变量存储的数值范围要大于256）

	if (init_done == 0)
	{
		InitLookupTable();
		init_done = 1;
	}

	// check to see if x_dim and y_dim are divisible by 2
	if ((x_dim % 2) || (y_dim % 2)) return 1;
	size = x_dim * y_dim;

	
	// allocate memory
        b= (unsigned char *)rgb_out;

	y_buffer = (unsigned char *)y_in;
	sub_u_buf = (unsigned char *)u_in;
	sub_v_buf = (unsigned char *)v_in;
	u_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
	v_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));

	y= y_buffer;
	u= u_buffer;
	v= v_buffer;

	if (!(u_buffer&&v_buffer))
	{
		if (u_buffer) free(u_buffer);
		if (v_buffer) free(v_buffer);
		return 2;
	}

	//上采样
	for (j = 0; j < y_dim/2; j ++)
	{
		psu = sub_u_buf + j * x_dim / 2;//psu、psv指向已经下采样的YUV文件中的U、V首地址
		psv = sub_v_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
		pu1 = u_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;//在上采样中，pu1、pv1指向偶数行第一个元素，pu2、pv2指向奇数行第一个元素
		pu2 = u_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
		pv1 = v_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
		pv2 = v_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
		for (i = 0; i < x_dim/2; i ++)
		{
			*pu1=*psu;//将psu复制给2x2的像素单元
			*(pu1+1)=*psu;
			*pu2=*psu;
			*(pu2+1)=*psu;

			*pv1=*psv;
			*(pv1+1)=*psv;
			*pv2=*psv;
			*(pv2+1)=*psv;

                       psu ++;
			psv ++;
			pu1 += 2;
			pu2 += 2;
			pv1 += 2;
			pv2 += 2;
		}
	}


	// convert YUV to RGB
	if (flip) 
	{
		for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
		{
			g = b + 1;
			r = b + 2;
			tr=*y + YUVRGB14075[*v];
			tg=*y - YUVRGB03455[*u] - YUVRGB07169[*v];
			tb=*y + YUVRGB17790[*u];//先将计算出的RGB存入中间变量

			if(tr<0) *r=0;
			else if(tr>255) *r=255;
			else *r = (unsigned char)(tr);

			if(tg<0) *g=0;
			else if(tg>255) *g=255;
			else *g = (unsigned char)(tg);

			if(tb<0) *b=0;
			else if(tb>255) *b=255;
			else *b = (unsigned char)(tb);//加判断防止数据溢出

			b += 3;
			y ++;
			u ++;
			v ++;
		}
	}

	free(u_buffer);
	free(v_buffer);

	return 0;
}


void InitLookupTable()//事先计算数据
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB14075[i] = (float)1.4075 * (i-128);
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB03455[i] = (float)0.3455 * (i-128);
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB07169[i] = (float)0.7169 * (i-128);
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB17790[i] = (float)1.779 * (i-128);//提前减去128保证UV的在-128~127之间
}

四.实验结果及分析

（1）未添加中间变量防止数据溢出时的结果

溢出的地方会变成红色

（2）加了中间变量后

误差部分的得到了修正

（3）处理前的YUV文件与处理后的YUV文件对比

因为程序中用到了一些数据类型转换并且做了防止溢出的处理，所以处理前后的文件在具体数值上会有少许差异，但是这种差别肉眼是无法分辨的。